{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:23:03Z","timestamp":1765538583319,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0478_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a group of various eye and vision-related problems from prolonged use of mobile devices. Symptoms include dry eyes, blurred vision, eye strain, headache, and also neck and shoulder pain. This study was carried out to analyze the correlation between the exposure time of High Energy Visible (HEV) from mobile devices\u2019 use and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes in young age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0478_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An observational cross-sectional study was done using quota sampling method for 100 High School students. Data collection was performed using questionnaire to identify daily use of mobile devices (hours) and duration for using mobile devices (years). A classification was determined as mild, moderate, and heavy HEV exposure. Evaporative dry eyes were diagnosed using tear break-up time test (TBUT) of less than 10\u00a0s for both eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0478_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-four students participated in this study. A total of 82 students (87.2%) experienced evaporative dry eyes. There were 11 students (11.7%) who had dry eyes with mild exposure, 18 students (19.1%) had dry eyes with moderate exposure, and 53 students (56.4%) had dry eyes with heavy exposure. A chi square analysis showed all HEV exposures have similar risk to the prevalence of dry eyes among High School students (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0478_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of developing evaporative dry eyes, as one of the symptoms of CVS in young age with normal tear production, could be induced even with minimal exposure to mobile devices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1625236271000},"page":"541-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Correlation between the exposure time to mobile devices and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes as one of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome among Senior High School students in East Java, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Rozalina","family":"Loebis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bambang","family":"Subakti Zulkarnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadhifa","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy , Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121208571265796_j_jbcpp-2020-0478_ref_001","unstructured":"Novitasari, W, Khotimah, N. 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