{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:22:12Z","timestamp":1765538532961,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012696","name":"Universitas Surabaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["047\/ST-Lit\/LPPM-01\/FF\/V\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["047\/ST-Lit\/LPPM-01\/FF\/V\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0488_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug with known efficacy profile in pediatric patients, despite of its narrow therapeutic index. There is lack of VPA\u2019s pharmacokinetics profile in Indonesian pediatric subjects, partly due to limited pediatric blood volume taken for conducting therapeutic drug monitoring. This study aimed to determine the correlation between VPA pharmacokinetics parameters based on population data and seizure frequency in pediatric epilepsy outpatients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0488_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This observational study was conducted at Sanglah General Hospital during June\u2013December 2019. The subjects of this research were 38 pediatric epilepsy patients who adhered to VPA syrup monotherapy for at least 3\u00a0weeks. Five subjects randomly selected for blood sample collection. Thus, VPA concentration level in the blood being analysed as a comparison to its concentration predicted from Yukawa\u2019s steady state equation. Monolix2019R2\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      software was used to identify VPA population pharmacokinetics\u2013pharmacodynamics (PK\u2013PD) parameters at steady state level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0488_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Population PK\u2013PD of VPA syrup at steady state level\u00a0were ka_pop = 6.25\/h, Vd_pop = 3.36\u00a0L, Cl_pop = 3.17\u00b7e\n                      <jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0mL\/min, IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      _pop = 1.85\u00b7e\n                      <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                      , correlation of Vd_pop and Cl_pop = 0.966. Kendall Tau Correlation of predicted VPA steady state concentration and frequency of seizure was\u00a0\u22120.66. Mean prediction error between predicted steady state concentration of five subjects and their related blood levels was\u00a0\u226425% and considered as within clinically acceptable limit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2020-0488_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It needs further study to develop best matched PK\u2013PD model of VPA syrup at steady state condition in pediatric epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T12:45:59Z","timestamp":1625229959000},"page":"305-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing pharmacokinetics\u2013pharmacodynamics model of valproic acid syrup based on prediction of population pharmacokinetics parameter and seizure frequency in Indonesian pediatric epilepsy outpatients"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"I Komang","family":"Prawira Nata Nugraha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Purnamayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I Gusti","family":"Ngurah Made Suwarba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Health , Sanglah General Hospital , Denpasar , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nani","family":"Parfati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya , Surabaya , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121208571251743_j_jbcpp-2020-0488_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patsalos, PN, Berry, DJ, Burgeois, BFD, Cloyd, JC, Glauser, TA, Johannessen, SI, et al.. Antiepileptic drugs\u2014best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia 2008;49:1239\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01561.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01561.x"},{"key":"2025121208571251743_j_jbcpp-2020-0488_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheffer, IE, Berkovic, S, Capovilla, G, Connolly, MB, French, J, Guilhoto, J, et al.. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia 2017;58:512\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13709.","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709"},{"key":"2025121208571251743_j_jbcpp-2020-0488_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nevitt, SJ, Sudell, M, Weston, J, Smith, CT, Marson, AG. Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta-analysis of individual participant data. 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