{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:53:06Z","timestamp":1770727986292,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2021-0395_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, open-label study was undertaken to assess the safety of repeated, long-term electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS). The primary outcome for this study was assessment of hearing function as reported by formal audiometry testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2021-0395_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessments were conducted on n=25 long-term users of daily 1.5\u00a0mA VeNS. Skin inspection of the mastoid area, otoscope examination of the inner ear, and formal audiometry testing was conducted on n=18 users. All participants completed a survey-based assessment to determine usage of the device, adverse events, and long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2021-0395_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean duration of use was 22\u00a0months, with approximately 80% of users reporting 1\u00a0h of daily, or 1\u00a0h of regular (2\u20133 times per week) VeNS usage. No adverse events were reported. There were no significant findings during examination of the mastoid areas, ear canal, or tympanic membranes. There were no significant findings reported from the formal audiogram assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2021-0395_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This appears to be the first study to provide formal assessment to show that repeated, long-term VeNS usage has not generated any significant side effects or adverse events. Results from this study further support previous literature that electrical vestibular stimulation is both safe and well-tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2021-0395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T04:52:44Z","timestamp":1647233564000},"page":"645-648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS): a follow-up safety assessment of long-term usage"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-7457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovalens Ltd. , Belfast , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5838-3994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai Sailesh","family":"Kumar Goothy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , RD Gardi Medical College , Ujjain , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0306-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"McKeown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovalens Ltd. , Belfast , UK"},{"name":"Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen\u2019s University , Belfast , UK"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Cognition , UC San Diego , San Diego , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209103707525_j_jbcpp-2021-0395_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balaban, CD, Yates, BJ. 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