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Studies about other probable indications have emerged, indicating that this agent can also be utilized for other purposes. In this review, applications of metformin are noticed based on the current evidence. Metformin commonly is used as an off-label drug in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but it worsens inflammation and should not be used for this purpose, according to the latest research. Metformin decreased the risk of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is an effective agent in the\u00a0prevention and improvement of survival in patients suffering hepatocellular carcinoma. There is evidence of the beneficial effects of metformin in colorectal cancer, early-stage prostate cancer, breast cancer, urothelial cancer, blood cancer, melanoma, and bone cancer, suggesting metformin as a potent anti-tumor agent. Metformin shows neuroprotective effects and provides a potential therapeutic benefit for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). It also has been shown to improve mental function and reduce the incidence of dementia. Another condition that metformin has\u00a0been shown to slow the progression of is Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Regarding infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are\u00a0among the conditions suggested to be affected by metformin. The beneficial effects of metformin in cardiovascular diseases were also reported in the literature. Concerning renal function, studies showed that daily oral\u00a0administration of metformin could ameliorate kidney fibrosis and normalize kidney structure and function. This\u00a0study reviewed the clinical and preclinical evidence about the possible benefits of metformin based on recent studies. Numerous questions like whether these probable indications of metformin can be observed in non-diabetics, need to be described by future basic experiments and clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2022-0252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T02:35:19Z","timestamp":1670380519000},"page":"151-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Metformin: new applications for an old drug"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirreza","family":"Naseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarvin","family":"Sanaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Hamzehzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2623-226X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepideh","family":"Seyedi-Sahebari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad-Salar","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5977-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elnaz","family":"Gholipour-khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Rezazadeh-Gavgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0607-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Majidazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2366-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parya","family":"Seraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Daneshvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-063X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Rezazadeh-Gavgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209054323249_j_jbcpp-2022-0252_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, Z, Guo, Y. 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