{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:34:44Z","timestamp":1790372084095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2024-0004_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main objective of the current study was to find the association between oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and electrophysiological profile with symptom severity in patients of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2024-0004_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two carpal tunnel syndrome patients and 32 controls were included in the study. Boston CTS questionnaire along with plasma oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide and inflammatory markers including IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 were compared with the electrophysiological parameters derived from nerve conduction studies. Statistical significance of the levels between groups was calculated using unpaired-t test after checking for normality with D\u2019Agostino &amp; Pearson omnibus normality test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2024-0004_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that the median nerve conduction velocity was prolonged, amplitude was decreased, while the levels of oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased in CTS patients compared to controls. Inflammatory markers like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) were also increased in CTS patients. We found that plasma SOD and TNF-\u03b1 correlated well with the median motor amplitude. There was no other significant correlation between oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers with nerve conduction studies or disease severity. Patients with mild disease also showed lesser levels of SOD, NO, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 markers than patients with severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2024-0004_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTS is probably a disease of sterile inflammation and disbalance of oxidative stress, with higher inflammatory and oxidative stress markers pointing to a more severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2024-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T03:54:46Z","timestamp":1716868486000},"page":"189-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring pathogenic pathways in carpal tunnel syndrome: sterile inflammation and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mohd. Sajid","family":"Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , 421037 Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0340-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhawna","family":"Mattoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , 421037 Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , 421037 Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foley, M, Silverstein, B, Polissar, N. The economic burden of carpal tunnel syndrome: long-term earnings of CTS claimants in Washington State. Am J Ind Med 2007;50:155\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.20430.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20430"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_002","unstructured":"Akhondi, H, Varacallo, M. Anterior interosseous syndrome. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2021."},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_007","unstructured":"Melhorn, JM. CTD: carpal tunnel syndrome, the facts and myths. Kans Med 1994;95:189\u201392."},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jillapalli, D, Shefner, JM. Electrodiagnosis in common mononeuropathies and plexopathies. Semin Neurol 2005;25:196\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2005-871328.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-871328"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halliwell, B. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: curiosity, cause or consequence. Lancet 1994;344:721\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)92211-x.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92211-X"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atroshi, I, Gummesson, C, Johnsson, R, Sprinchorn, A. Symptoms, disability, and quality of life in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg 1999;24:398\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jhsu.1999.0398.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(99)70014-6"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson d\u2019Almeida, K, Godard, C, Leclerc, A, Lahon, G. Sickness absence for upper limb disorders in a French company. Occup Med 2008;58:506\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqn084.","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn084"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine, DW, Simmons, BP, Koris, MJ, Daltroy, LH, Hohl, GG, Fossel, AH, et al.. A self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of severity of symptoms and functional status in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 1993;75:1585\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199311000-00002.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199311000-00002"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giersiepen, K, Spallek, M. Carpal tunnel syndrome as an occupational disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011;108:238\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0238.","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0238"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_010","unstructured":"Betteridge, DJ. Oxidative stress. BSc, PhD, MD, FRCP, Department of Medicine, University College London, The Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London WIN 8AA, UK. Copyright \u00a9 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company."},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karakoc, M, Altindag, O, Keles, H, Soran, N, Selek, S. Serum oxidative-antioxidative status in patients with ankylosing spondilitis. Rheumatol Int 2007;27:1131\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-007-0352-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-007-0352-3"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"September, AV, Schwellnus, MP, Collins, M. Tendon and ligament injuries: the genetic component. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:241\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033035.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033035"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nell, EM, van der Merwe, L, Cook, J, Handley, CJ, Collins, M, September, AV. The apoptosis pathway and the genetic predisposition to Achilles tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2012;30:1719\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.22144.","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22144"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sezgin, M, Incel, NA, Serhan, S, Camdeviren, H, As, I, Erdogan, C. Assessment of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: reliability and functionality of the Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire. Disabil Rehabil 2006;28:1281\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280600621469.","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600621469"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaymak, B, Oz\u00e7akar, L, Cetin, A, Candan Cetin, M, Akinci, A, Has\u00e7elik, Z. A comparison of the benefits of sonography and electrophysiologic measurements as predictors of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:743\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.09.041.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.09.041"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karadag, O, Kalyoncu, U, Akdogan, A, Karadag, YS, Bilgen, SA, Ozbak\u0131r, S, et al.. Sonographic assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and correlation with disease activity. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:2313\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-011-1957-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1957-0"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_017","unstructured":"Colombini, D, Occhipinti, E, Cairoli, S, Battevi, N, Menoni, O, Ricci, MG, et al.. Le affezionimuscoloscheletrichedegli arti superiori e inferiori come patologieprofessionali; quali e a qualicondizioni. Documento di consenso di un gruppo di lavoronazionale. Med Lav 2003;94:312\u201329."},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_018","unstructured":"Herbert, FN. Netter neurologie. II. Germany: Thieme; 2007."},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swash, M, Schwarts, M. Nerve entrapment and compression syndromes and other mono-neuropathies. Berlin: Springer; 1997.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3834-1_8"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salerno, DF, Franzblau, A, Werner, RA, Bromberg, MB, Armstrong, TJ, Albers, JW. Median and ulnar nerve conduction studies among workers: normative values. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:999\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-4598(199808)21:8<999::aid-mus3>3.0.co;2-0.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199808)21:8<999::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atroshi, I, Gummesson, C, Johnsson, R, Ornstein, E. Diagnostic properties of nerve conduction tests in population-based carpal tunnel syndrome. BMC Muscoskel Disord 2003;4:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-4-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-9"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziswiler, HR, Reichenbach, S, V\u00f6gelin, E, Bachmann, LM, Villiger, PM, J\u00fcni, P. Diagnostic value of sonography in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:304\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20723.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20723"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, SM, Griffith, JF, Hui, ACF, Tang, A, Wong, KS. Discriminatory sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1914\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.10385.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10385"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, CH, Kim, TK, Yoon, ES, Dhong, ES. Correlation of high-resolution ultrasonographic findings with the clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic data in carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Plast Surg 2005;54:20\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sap.0000141942.27182.55.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000141942.27182.55"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayrak, IK, Bayrak, AO, Tilki, HE, Nural, MS, Sunter, T. Ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome: comparison with electrophysiological stage and motor unit number estimate. Muscle Nerve 2007;35:344\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.20698.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20698"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padua, L, Pazzaglia, C, Caliandro, P, Granata, G, Foschini, M, Briani, C, et al.. Carpal tunnel syndrome: ultrasound, neurophysiology, clinical and patient-oriented assessment. Clin Neurophysiol 2008;119:2064\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.004"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_027","unstructured":"Preston, DC, Shapiro, BE. Median neuropathy at the wrist. In: . Electromyography and neuromuscular disorders: clinical-electrophysiologic-ultrasound correlations, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020:323 p."},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner, RA, Alber, JW, Franzbau, A, Armstrong, TJ. The relationship between body mass index and the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1994;17:1491\u20133.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880170610"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sud, V, Freeland, AE. Biochemistry of carpal tunnel syndrome. Microsurgery 2005;25:44\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.20071.","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20071"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirata, H, Nagakura, T, Tsujii, M, Morita, A, Fujisawa, K, Uchida, A. The relationship of VEGF and PGE2 expression to extracellular matrix remodeling of the tenosynovium in the carpal tunnel syndrome. J\u00a0Pathol 2004;204:605\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1673.","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1673"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hitchon, CA, El-Gabalawy, HS. Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004;6:265\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar1447.","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1447"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bland, JD. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Curr Opin Neurol 2005;18:581\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.wco.0000173142.58068.5a.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000173142.58068.5a"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yazici, C, Kose, K, Calis, M, Kuzuguden, S, Kirnap, M. Protein oxidation status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology 2004;43:1235\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh317.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh317"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sprague, AH, Khalil, RA. Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2009;78:539\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.04.029.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.04.029"},{"key":"2025121209015636578_j_jbcpp-2024-0004_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takasu, S, Takatsu, S, Kunitomo, K, Kokumai, Y. Serum hyaluronic acid and interleukin-6 as possible markers of carpal tunnel syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients. Artif Organs 1994;18:420\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02227.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02227.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2024-0004\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2024-0004\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:26:12Z","timestamp":1765538772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2024-0004\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jbcpp-2024-0004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2024-0004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0286","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}