{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:02:33Z","timestamp":1780315353449,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0003_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male reproductive health is vital for societal stability, and lifestyle-related factors significantly influence fertility. Tobacco smoking is a major modifiable risk factor implicated in male infertility. This study aimed to assess differences in semen fluid dynamics and quality parameters between smokers and nonsmokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0003_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at PSGIMS&amp;R, Coimbatore. Seventy-four males aged 20\u201350\u00a0years were enrolled. A detailed clinical history was obtained, and semen analysis was performed according to WHO 2010 guidelines. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0, with p&lt;0.05 considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0003_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers showed a significantly higher rate of increased semen turbidity (29 vs. 1\u202f%, p=0.002) and delayed liquefaction time (43 vs. 1\u202f%, p=0.002). Mean sperm motility (49.90 vs. 59.45\u202f%, p=0.01) and vitality (42.71 vs. 50.70\u202f%, p=0.04) were significantly reduced among smokers. Regression analysis indicated that coffee consumption, reported by all smokers, did not act as a confounding variable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0003_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco smoking has a deleterious effect on semen fluid dynamics, resulting in delayed liquefaction and increased turbidity, along with reduced sperm motility and vitality, thereby negatively impacting male fertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2026-0003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T16:09:03Z","timestamp":1779466143000},"page":"255-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered semen fluid dynamics in smokers: a study on delayed liquefaction and increased viscosity"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Praveena","family":"Meyyazhagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , Trichy SRMMCH&RC , Irungalur , Trichy , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev Kumar","family":"Sundararaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Govt KAPV Medical College and Hospital , Trichy , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyadharshini","family":"Valluvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University , Trichy , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagashree","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, PSGIMS&R , Coimbatore , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060111012253392_j_jbcpp-2026-0003_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aitken, RJ. 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