{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:10:31Z","timestamp":1784635831700,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0123_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 has had strong impacts on both global health systems and economies. Therefore, understanding disease severity and progression is crucial. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate possible link between clinical factors, laboratory parameters, and age on COVID-19 severity. Machine-learning (ML) methods were used to analyze a dataset to explore the relationships between these variables and disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0123_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 177 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were divided into five age groups. A range of biomarkers, including hematological parameters, electrolytes, and liver and renal function tests, were analyzed. Several parameters had acceptable sensitivity and specificity and indicated cut-off levels between patient age groups. Furthermore, ML was used to find an interaction between blood group, pneumococcal vaccine status, and COVID-19 symptoms to explore potential relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0123_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main findings were that various biomarkers were differentially regulated in COVID-19 patients across different age groups. Furthermore, the interpretation of the obtained results indicated a significant association between the presence of symptoms during the course of the illness and pneumococcal vaccination status. Additionally, feature selection analysis employing machine learning techniques, specifically Random Forest and Mutual Information, identified the most important features within the analyzed dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0123_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although blood group and Pneumococcal vaccine showed weak influence on the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, our findings shed light on the relative importance of the most influencing predictors on COVID-19 severity, which may provide valuable-insights for better risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2026-0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:55:46Z","timestamp":1783479346000},"page":"325-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting COVID-19 severity using machine learning: the role of clinical parameters, blood groups, and vaccination status across age groups"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Laila A.","family":"Damiati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , College of Science, University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Baghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Team \u201cCancer, Vessels, Biology and Therapeutics\u201d (CaVITE), Research Group \u201cCancer\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Angiogenesis\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Thrombosis and Hemostasis\u201d, Consultation Thrombosis in Oncology (CoThON), University Institute of Cancerology (UIC), Saint Antoine University Hospital, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa A.","family":"Damiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad","family":"Alrasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Alrasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayad","family":"Turky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Damiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072111574564669_j_jbcpp-2026-0123_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet. 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