{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T19:06:58Z","timestamp":1783969618737,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0145_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes retinal detachment, capillary degeneration, and diabetic macular edema. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This activates the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) signaling pathway, resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular issues in the retina. The AGE-RAGE axis and signaling pathways are attractive therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0145_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the protective effects of trans-anethole (TA) and the RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 in an\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      model of high glucose-induced retinal injury. Both compounds were initially evaluated by molecular docking against GSK-3\u03b2. As FPS-ZM1 demonstrated higher predicted binding affinity than TA, further computational analyses, including molecular dynamics simulations and MM\/GBSA binding free energy calculations, were performed only for FPS-ZM1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0145_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both only TA and its combination with FPS-ZM1 greatly improved the healing response when glucose levels were high. This suggests that TA may have considerable therapeutic potential for wound healing. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that FPS-ZM1 may interact with GSK-3\u03b2 ligand binding\u00a0site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jbcpp-2026-0145_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Further investigations utilizing\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      models are necessary to validate the inhibitory impact of FPS-ZM1 on GSK-3\u03b2 and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the protective benefits of trans-anethole.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2026-0145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:55:41Z","timestamp":1783968941000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting the AGE-RAGE\/GSK-3\u03b2 axis in diabetic retinopathy: wound-healing effects of trans-anethole and FPS-ZM1 and putative GSK-3\u03b2 inhibitory activity of FPS-ZM1"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Deniz Irem","family":"Caglayaner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology , Graduate School of Science, Uskudar University , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Arslantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology , Graduate School of Science, Uskudar University , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Kemalo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Informatics Department , Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefer","family":"Baday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Informatics Department , Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belkis","family":"Atasever-Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Uskudar University , Istanbul , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071318553704061_j_jbcpp-2026-0145_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yumnamcha, T, Devi, TS, Singh, LP. 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