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The main application in intensive care units is to assess intracranial pressure, confirm the lack of cerebral circulation in brain death, detect vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage, and monitor the blood flow parameters during thrombolysis and carotid endarterectomy, as well as measuring stenosis of the main intracranial arteries in sickle cell disease in children. This review summarises the use of transcranial Doppler in intensive care units.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jccm-2017-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T06:03:23Z","timestamp":1503554603000},"page":"99-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Use of Transcranial Doppler in Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.62838","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sandor","family":"Viski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen , Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Olah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, M\u00f3ricz Zs. krt. 22, H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"49540","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_001_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Aaslid R, Markwalder TM, Nornes H. Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg. 1982;57:769-74.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.6.0769"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_002_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab2Aa","unstructured":"2. Lindegaard KF, Bakke SJ, Sorteberg W, Nakstad P, Nornes H. A non-invasive Doppler ultrasound method for the evaluation of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Radiol Suppl. 1986;369:96-8."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_003_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. George MS. Neuroactivation and Neuroimaging with SPECT. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1901-2"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_004_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab4Aa","unstructured":"4. Holman BL, Devous MD. Functional brain SPECT: the emergence of a powerful clinical method. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1888-904."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_005_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Lindegaard KF, Bakke SJ, Grolimund P, Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H. Assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in carotid artery disease by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg. 1985;63:890-8.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.6.0890"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_006_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Kingelhofer J, Conrad B, Benecke R, Sander D, Markakis E. Evaluation of intracranial pressure from transcranial Doppler studies in cerebral disease. J Neurol. 1988;235:159-62.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314307"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_007_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Wakerley BR, Kusuma Y, Yeo LL, Liang S, Kumar K, Sharma AK, Sharma VK. Usefulness of transcranial Doppler-derived cerebral hemodynamic parameters in the noninvasive assessment of intracranial pressure. J Neuroimaging. 2015;25:111-6.","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12100"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_008_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Bouzat P, Francony G, Declety P, Genty C, Kaddour A, Bessou P, Brun J, Jacquot C, Chabardes S, Bosson JL, Payen JF. Transcranial Doppler to screen on admission patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery. 2011;68:1603-10.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31820cd43e"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_009_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Sorrentino E, Budohoski KP, Kasprowicz M, Smielewski P, Matta B, Pickard JD, Czosnyka M. Critical thresholds for transcranial Doppler indices of cerebral autoregulation in traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14:188-93.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9492-5"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_010_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Bellner J, Romner B, Reinstrup P, Kristiansson K-A, Ryding E, Brandt L. Transcranial Doppler sonography pulsatility index (PI) reflects intracranial pressure (ICP). Surg Neurol. 2004;62:45-51.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.12.007"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_011_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Moreno JA, E. Mesalles E, Gener J, Tomasa A, Ley A, Roca J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares J. Evaluating the outcome of severe head injury with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neurosurg Focus. 2000;8:1-7.","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2000.8.1.1702"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_012_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac12Aa","unstructured":"12. Homburg A-M, Jakobsen M, Enevoldsen E. Transcranial Doppler recordings in raised intracranial pressure. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 1993;87:488-493."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_013_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Hansen HC, Helme K. Validation of the optic nerve sheath response to changing cerebrospinal fluid pressure: Ultrasound findings during intrathecal infusion tests. J Neurosurg. 1997;87;34-40.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.1.0034"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_014_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Helme K, Hansen HC. Fundamentals of transorbital sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath expansion under intracranial hypertension. I. Experimental study. Pediatr Radiol. 1966;26;701-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01383383"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_015_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac15Aa","unstructured":"15. Sahu S, Swain A. Optic nerve sheath diameter. 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Barnett SB, Ter Haar GR, Ziskin MC, Rott HD, Duck FA, Maeda K. International recommendations and guidelines for the safe use of diagnostic ultrasound in medicine. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000;26:355-66.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(00)00204-0"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_019_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Azevedo E, Teixeira J, Neves JC, Vaz R. Transcranial Doppler and brain death. Transplant Proc. 2000;32:2579-81.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(00)01794-2"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_020_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Hassler W, Steinmetz H, Gawlowski J. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in raised intracaranial pressure and in intracranial circulatory arrest. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:745-51.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.5.0745"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_021_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac21Aa","unstructured":"21. Kassell NF, Boarini DJ. Patients with ruptured aneurysm: Preand postoperative manegement. In: Wilkins RA (ed) Cerebral arterial spasm. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore London. 1980."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_022_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Ljunggren B, Brandt L. The outcome in 100 consecutive cases of early aneurysm surgery. Acta Neurochir. 1982;63:215-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01728875"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_023_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Ljunggren B, S\u00e4veland H, Brandt L. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-historical background from a Scandinavian horizon. Surg Neurol. 1984;22:605-16.","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(84)90438-5"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_024_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Yamamoto Y, Smith RR, Bernanke DH. Accelerated nonmuscle contraction after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Culture and characterization of myofibroblasts from human cerebral arteries in vasospasm. Neurosurgery. 1992;30:337-45.","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199203000-00005"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_025_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Macdonald RL, Weir BKA. A review of hemoglobin and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Stroke. 1991;22:971-82.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.971"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_026_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. White H, Venkatesh B. Applications of transcranial Doppler in the ICU: a review. Intensive Care Medicine, 2006;32:981-94.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0173-y"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_027_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac27Aa","unstructured":"27. Kodama N, Mizoi K, Sakurai Y, Suzuki J. Incidence and onset of vasospasm. In: Wilkins RH (ed) Cerebral arterial spasm. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore London. 1980."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_028_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac28Aa","unstructured":"28. Saito J, Sano K. Vasospasm after aneurysm rupture: Incidence, onset and course. In: Wilkins RH (ed) Cerebral arterial spasm. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore London. 1980. pp 294-301."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_029_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac29Aa","unstructured":"29. Weir B. The incidence and onset of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm. In: Wilkins RH (ed) Cerebral arterial spasm. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore London. 1980. pp 302-5."},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_030_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Lindegaard KF, Nornes H, Bakke SJ, Sorteberg W, NakstadP. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage investigated by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Acta Neurochir. 1988;42:81-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-8975-7_16"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_031_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Alexandrov AV, Grotta JC. Arterial reocclusion in stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Neurology. 2002;59:862-7.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.862"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_032_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Alexandrov AV, Demchuk AM, Felberg RA, Christou I, Barber PA, Burgin WS, Malkoff M, Wojner AW, Grotta JC. High rate of complete recanalization and dramatic clinical recovery during tPA infusion when continuously monitored with 2-Mhz transcranial Doppler monitoring. Stroke. 2000;31:610-4.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.3.610"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_033_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Polak JF. 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Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L, Files B, Vichinsky E, Pegelow C, Abboud M, Gallagher D, Kutlar A, Nichols FT, Bonds DR, Brambilla D. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:5-11.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807023390102"},{"key":"2021040706282512947_j_jccm-2017-0021_ref_039_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab1ac39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Naqvi J, Yap KH, Ahmad G, Ghosh J. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a review of the physical principles and major applications in critical care. 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