{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:05:08Z","timestamp":1765541108698,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Despite the wide range of investigations on the therapeutic potentials of herbal extracts in cancer cell lines, there is not usually enough data on their probable effects on normal cells. Recently, both anti-tumoral and anti-oxidant properties of\n                    <jats:italic>Scutellaria litwinowii<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts have been reported on different cancer cell lines. In the present study, the possible protective effects of\n                    <jats:italic>S. litwinowii<\/jats:italic>\n                    root extracts against cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) on normal cells were investigated using MTT and Comet assays, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A method of sequential extraction with solvents of different polarities was used to generate methanolic, de-fatted, and dichloromethane fractions. Both MTT and Comet assays were performed here to assess, respectively, changes in cell viability and levels of DNA damage from H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In a pre-treatment regimen, test materials were applied to the cells prior to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment, while in a co-treatment protocol, cells were treated simultaneously with H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and extracts.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : In the co-treatment studies, only methanolic extract at 1,000 \u03bcg\/mL (p&lt;0.001) imparted a significant protective effect as shown in the MTT assay. Pre-treatment of cells for 24 h with different concentrations of the test materials did not lead to any significant protection. Results from the Comet assays in the co-treatment studies suggested a significant (p&lt;0.01) protective effect of the test materials against DNA damage caused by H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . However, in the pre-treatment studies, only methanolic extract at \u2265500 \u03bcg\/mL showed a protective effect (p&lt;0.01).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Considering the probable high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the methanolic extract, these compounds may impart the noted protective effects of the\n                    <jats:italic>S. litwinowii<\/jats:italic>\n                    root through the scavenging of free radicals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2014-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T16:06:57Z","timestamp":1397491617000},"page":"121-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    protective effects of\n                    <i>Scutellaria litwinowii<\/i>\n                    root extract against H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    -induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sousan","family":"Shojaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamideh","family":"Parhiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ameneh","family":"Eshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ahmad","family":"Emami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Asili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Behravan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mosaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0001_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b1Aa","article-title":"Analyzing cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of Scutellaria litwinowii root extract on cancer cell lines","volume":"2011","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evidence Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0002_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2012.630162","article-title":"Scutellaria litwinowii induces apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in human promyelocytic leukemia cells","volume":"64","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0003_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b3Aa","first-page":"413279","article-title":"Protective effect of Scutellaria litwinowii extract on serum\/glucose-deprived cultured PC12 cells and determining the role of reactive oxygen species","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Toxicol"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0004_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2011005000161","article-title":"Wogonin and neobaicalein from Scutellaria litwinowii roots are apoptotic for HeLA cells","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Farmacogn"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0005_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0","article-title":"A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells","volume":"175","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0006_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(95)00024-V","article-title":"The characterization of antioxidants","volume":"33","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0007_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.03.007","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of selected Malaysian medicinal plants","volume":"92","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0008_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80086-9","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced in pathologies: the role of antioxidants","volume":"53","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0009_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(94)00062-D","article-title":"Mode of action of the anti-influenza virus activity of plant flavonoid, 5, 7, 4\u2032-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis","volume":"26","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0010_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(99)00152-X","article-title":"Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracted from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi","volume":"1472","year":"1999","journal-title":"BBA-Gen Subjects"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0011_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00265-8","article-title":"Phytochemical flavones isolated from Scutellaria barbata and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"72","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0012_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-958036","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of methanolic extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids on human gingival fibroblast","volume":"61","year":"1995","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0013_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00463-5","article-title":"Effects of wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellaria radix, on skin inflammation: in vivo regulation of inflammation-associated gene expression","volume":"66","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharm"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0014_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c14Aa","first-page":"472","article-title":"The golden root: clinical applications of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi flavonoids as modulators of the inflammatory response","volume":"2","year":"1997","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0015_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957563","article-title":"A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria","volume":"64","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"2025121209173039921_CIT0016_w2aab2b8c51b1b7b1ab2b2c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2003.07.024","article-title":"Use of different methods for testing antioxidative activity of oregano essential oil","volume":"85","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2014-0009\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2014-0009\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:00:14Z","timestamp":1765540814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2014-0009\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jcim-2014-0009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2014-0009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-6329","1553-3840"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2194-6329"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1553-3840"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]}}}