{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T01:00:45Z","timestamp":1794013245411,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Ginger (\n                    <jats:italic>Zingiber officinale<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is one of the functional foods which contains biological compounds including gingerol, shogaol, paradol and zingerone. Ginger has been proposed to have anti-cancer, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypolipidemic and analgesic properties. Here, we report the effect of ginger supplementation on glycemic indices in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 20\u201360 -year-old patients with type 2 diabetes who did not receive insulin. Participants in the intervention and control groups were received 3 g of powdered ginger or placebo (lactose) (in capsules) daily for 3 months. Glycemic indices, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum paraoxonase, dietary intake and physical activity were measured at the beginning and end of the study, and after 12 h fasting.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Comparison of the indices after 3 months showed that the differences between the ginger and placebo groups were statistically significant as follows: serum glucose (\u201319.41\u00b118.83 vs. 1.63\u00b14.28 mg\/dL, p&lt;0.001), HbA\n                    <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    percentage (\u20130.77\u00b10.88 vs. 0.02\u00b10.16\u2006%, p&lt;0.001), insulin (\u20131.46\u00b11.7 vs. 0.09\u00b10.34 \u03bcIU\/mL, p&lt;0.001), insulin resistance (\u201316.38\u00b119.2 vs. 0.68\u00b12.7, p&lt;0.001), high-sensitive CRP (\u20132.78\u00b14.07 vs. 0.2\u00b10.77 mg\/L, p&lt;0.001), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) (22.04\u00b124.53 vs. 1.71\u00b12.72 U\/L, p&lt;0.006), TAC (0.78\u00b10.71 vs. \u20130.04\u00b10.29 \u00b5IU\/mL, p&lt;0.01) and MDA (\u20130.85\u00b11.08 vs. 0.06\u00b10.08 \u00b5mol\/L, p&lt;0.001) were significantly different.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This report shows that the 3 months supplementation of ginger improved glycemic indices, TAC and PON-1 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2014-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,10]],"date-time":"2015-02-10T12:00:38Z","timestamp":1423569638000},"page":"165-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["The effect of ginger (\n                    <i>Zingiber officinale<\/i>\n                    ) on glycemic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Farzad","family":"Shidfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asadollah","family":"Rajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Diabetes Association, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayebeh","family":"Rahideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafiseh","family":"Khandouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharieh","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Robat Karim Branch, Islamic Azad University, Robat Karim, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Shidfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Worcester Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209161363901_CIT0001_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab2b5b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S067","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025121209161363901_CIT0002_w2aab2b8b5b1b7b1ab2b5b2Aa","volume-title":"IDF guideline for management of 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