{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:32:19Z","timestamp":1765542739526,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    For centuries,\n                    <jats:italic>Hirudo medicinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (medicinal leech) has been used as a remedy to treat many discomforts, such as muscle and joint pain. Nowadays, using leech in reconstructive surgery, microsurgery, wound and flap healing, venous insufficiency, varicosities and many other disorders has increased. In this study, we report a 45\u2006year old female patient with six pruritic papules on her legs since10\u2006months ago that appeared about 4\u2006weeks after one session of leech application. Skin biopsy was performed on one of the papules, and in histopathology, superficial ulceration with a dense superficial and deep inflammatory infiltrate within the dermis composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils detected that considering history of leech application at this site, these constellation of data was compatible with the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia induced by leeches and the patient was cured by a topical steroid and cryotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2016-0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T04:06:27Z","timestamp":1575518787000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia induced by\n                    <i>\n                      <b>Hirudo medicinalis<\/b>\n                    <\/i>\n                    (leeches)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maryam Sadat","family":"Sadati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Molecular Dermatology Research Center , Shiraz , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Resident , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ghafarpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Resident , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Sari","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladan","family":"Dastgheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Molecular Dermatology Research Center , Shiraz , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Jahankhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Resident , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_001_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b1Aa","unstructured":"Abdualkader AM, Ghawi AM, Alaama M, Awang M, Merzouk A. Leech therapeutic applications. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013;75:127\u201337.24019559"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_002_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haycox CL, Odland PB, Coltrera MD, Raugi GJ. Indications and complications of medicinal leech therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:1053\u20135.10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90320-87490356","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90320-8"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_003_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b3Aa","unstructured":"Pietrzak A, Kanitakis J, Tomasiewicz K, Wawrzycki B, Kozlowska-Loj J, Dybiec E, et al. Cutaneous complications of improper leech application. Ann Agric Environ Med AAEM 2012;19:790\u20132."},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_004_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altamura D, Calonje E, Liau J, Rogers M, Verdolini R. Diffuse cutaneous pseudolymphoma due to therapy with medicinal leeches. JAMA Dermatol 2014;150:783\u20134.10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.806624827920","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.8066"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_005_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karadag AS, Calka O, Akdeniz N, Cecen I. A case of irritant contact dermatitis with leech. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2011;30:234\u20135.2126570710.3109\/15569527.2010.547543","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2010.547543"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_006_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b6Aa","unstructured":"Irish JC, Gullane PJ, Mulholland S, Neligan PC. Medicinal leech in head and neck reconstruction. J Otolaryngol 2000;29:327\u201332.11108496"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_007_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasi A, Faghihi A, Jalali MA, Zamanian A, Ghaffarpour G. Leech therapy for epidermoid cysts and review of the literature. Adv Biomed Res 2014;3:112.2480418610.4103\/2277-9175.129719","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.129719"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_008_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brzezinski P, Solovan C, Chiriac A, Foia L. Positive outcome of medical leeches (hirudotherapy) for venous congestion. Malawi Med J: J Med Assoc Malawi 2015;27:38\u20139.10.4314\/mmj.v27i1.10","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v27i1.10"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_009_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lineaweaver WC, Hill MK, Buncke GM, Follansbee S, Buncke HJ, Wong RK, et al. Aeromonas hydrophila infections following use of medicinal leeches in replantation and flap surgery. Ann Plast Surg 1992;29:238\u201344.10.1097\/00000637-199209000-000081524373","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199209000-00008"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_010_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6c10Aa","unstructured":"Wilken GB, Appleton CC. The persistence of hepatitis B antigen in the bloodmeal of the potential medicinal leech, Asiaticobdella buntonensis. S Afr Med J 1993;83:193\u20135.8511686"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_011_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tupikowska M, Wo\u017cniak Z, Wojciechowska-Zdrojowy M, Maj J, Jankowska-Konsur A. Hirudotherapy \u2013 a rare cause of pseudolymphoma. Postepy dermatologii i alergologii 2018;35:225\u20136. PMC. Web. 10 Aug 2018.29760628","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2018.75250"},{"key":"2025121209261675552_j_jcim-2016-0056_ref_012_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b6c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altamura D, Calonje E, Liau JL, Rogers M, Verdolini R. Diffuse cutaneous pseudolymphoma due to therapy with medicinal leeches. 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