{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:29:40Z","timestamp":1790515780588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0014_s_007_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1690857e39513_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b1aAa\">Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the search of safe and effective lead molecules from natural sources,\n                      <jats:italic>Mucuna pruriens<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MP) L. (Fabaceae) seeds were utilized for exploring the antihypertensive potential. Traditionally, it is used as diuretic and hypotensive.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0014_s_008_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1690857e39525_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b2aAa\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bioassay-guided fractions were utilized for the isolation of active compounds by column chromatography. IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      value, enzyme kinetics and inhibition mechanism were determined.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      time and dose-dependent hypotensive study followed by changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by angiotensin I (3 nmol\/kg), angiotensin II (3 nmol\/kg), and bradykinin (10 nmol\/kg) in anesthetized rats was done. Plasma and tissue angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activities were also determined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0014_s_009_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1690857e39540_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b3aAa\">Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phytochemical analysis by spectroscopic techniques revealed the presence of known compounds like genistein, ursolic acid and L-DOPA from the ethyl acetate and water fraction, respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study revealed MP ethyl acetate (MPEA) fraction and genistein as the most active fraction (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      156.45\u2006\u00b5g\/mL) and compound (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      253.81\u2006\u00b5M), respectively. Lineweaver\u2013Burk plots revealed a non-competitive mode of inhibition. ACE protein precipitation was the suggested mechanism for inhibition. The extract showed a time- and dose-dependent decrease in MAP. Genistein was able to dose-dependently reduce the MAP, up to 53\u00b11.5\u2006mmHg (40\u2009mg\/kg, i.v.). As compared to control, it showed a dose-dependent decrease in plasma ACE activity of 40.61\u2006% and 54.76\u2006% at 10\u2009mg\/kg and 20\u2009mg\/kg, respectively. It also decreased the ACE activity in the aorta (107.67nM\/ml min at 10\u2006mg, p&lt;0.001; 95.33nM\/ml min at 20\u2006mg p&lt;0.001). Captopril was used as a standard for various\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0014_s_010_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1690857e39564_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1aab1c16b4aAa\">Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study revealed the antihypertensive potential of MP seed compounds via ACE inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2017-0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T06:01:17Z","timestamp":1498111277000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mechanism of antihypertensive effect of\n                    <i>Mucuna pruriens<\/i>\n                    L. seed extract and its isolated compounds"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Yaseen","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Phytopharmaceuticals and Natural Products , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University of Science and Technology , S.G. highway , Ahmadabad- 382 481 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmiya Institute Of Pharmacy , Rajkot -360005 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_001_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pugalenthi M, Vadivel V, Siddhuraju P. Alternative food\/feed perspectives of an underutilized legume Mucuna pruriens var. Utilis\u2014A review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2005;60:201\u2013218.1639563210.1007\/s11130-005-8620-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-005-8620-4"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_002_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janardhanan K, Vadivel V, Pugalenthi M. Biodiversity in Indian underexploited\/tribal pulses. In: Jaiwal Pawan K., Singh Rana P., editors. Improvement strategies of leguminosae biotechnology. Netherlands: Springer, 2003:353\u2013405.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0109-9_17"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_003_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b3Aa","unstructured":"Sathiyanarayanan L, Arulmozhi S. Mucuna pruriens Linn.-A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2007;1:157."},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_004_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O\u2019Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, et al. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1291\u20131297.10.1056\/NEJMoa00341711794147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003417"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_005_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet. 2005;365:217\u2013223.10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70151-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17741-1"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_006_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood R. Bronchospasm and cough as adverse reactions to the ACE inhibitors captopril, enalapril and lisinopril. A controlled retrospective cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;39:265\u2013270.10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04447.x7619667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04447.x"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_007_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera-Chal\u00e9 F, Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Betancur-Ancona D, Segura-Campos MR. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mucuna pruriens peptide fractions purified by high-performance liquid chromatography as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, antioxidants, antithrombotic and hypocholesterolemic agents. J Med Food. 2016;19:187\u2013195.2685484610.1089\/jmf.2015.0098","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2015.0098"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_008_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chal\u00e9 FG, Ruiz JC, Fern\u00e1ndez JJ, Ancona DA, Campos MR. ACE inhibitory, hypotensive and antioxidant peptide fractions from Mucuna pruriens proteins. Process Biochem. 2014;49:1691\u20131698.10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.06.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.06.021"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_009_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhary SK, De A, Bhadra S, Mukherjee PK. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential of standardized Mucuna pruriens seed extract. Pharm Biol. 2015;53:1614\u20131620.2586861910.3109\/13880209.2014.996820","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.996820"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_010_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darewicz M, Borawska J, Vegarud GE, Minkiewicz P, Iwaniak A. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and ACE inhibitory peptides of salmon (Salmo salar) protein hydrolysates obtained by human & porcine gastrointestinal enzymes. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:14077\u201314101.10.3390\/ijms15081407725123137","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150814077"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_011_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimsheena VK, Gowda LR. Colorimetric, high-throughput assay for screening angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors. Anal Chem. 2009;81:9388\u20139394.1983959610.1021\/ac901775h","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901775h"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_012_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Liu S, Ye R, Cai G, Ji B, Wu Y. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory tripeptides from rice protein hydrolysate: purification and characterization. J Funct Foods. 2013;5:1684\u20131692.10.1016\/j.jff.2013.07.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.07.013"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_013_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priyanto AD, Doerksen RJ, Chang CI, Sung WC, Widjanarko SB, Kusnadi J, et al. Screening, discovery, and characterization of angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from proteolytic hydrolysate of bitter melon seed proteins. J Proteomics. 2015;128:424\u2013435.2634413010.1016\/j.jprot.2015.08.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.08.018"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_014_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu JC, Hsu FL, Tsai JC, Chan P, Liu JY, Thomas GN, et al. Antihypertensive effects of tannins isolated from traditional Chinese herbs as non-specific inhibitors of angiontensin converting enzyme. Life Sci. 2003;73:1543\u20131555.10.1016\/S0024-3205(03)00481-812865094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(03)00481-8"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_015_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Souza P, Gasparotto A, Crestani S, Stefanello M\u00c9, Marques MC, Da Silva-Santos JE, et al. Hypotensive mechanism of the extracts and artemetin isolated from Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) in rats. Phytomedicine. 2011;18:819\u2013825.10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.02.00521420289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.02.005"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_016_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima-Landman MT, Borges AC, Cysneiros RM, De Lima TC, Souccar C, Lapa AJ. Antihypertensive effect of a standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth in rats: an in vivo approach to the hypotensive mechanism. Phytomedicine. 2007;14:314\u2013320.10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.03.003"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_017_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montenegro MF, Pessa LR, Tanus-Santos JE. Isoflavone genistein inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme and alters the vascular responses to angiotensin I and bradykinin. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;607:173\u2013177.1923315910.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.02.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.02.015"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_018_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallagher PE, Li P, Lenhart JR, Chappell MC, Brosnihan KB. Estrogen regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA. Hypertension. 1999;33:323\u2013328.993112410.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.323","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.323"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_019_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanton A. Therapeutic potential of renin inhibitors in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2003;3:389\u2013394.1472805910.2165\/00129784-200303060-00002","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200303060-00002"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_020_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn CB, Je JY, Cho YS. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from salmon byproduct protein hydrolysate by Alcalase hydrolysis. Process Biochem. 2012;47:2240\u20132245.10.1016\/j.procbio.2012.08.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2012.08.019"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_021_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persson IA. The pharmacological mechanism of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibition by green tea, Rooibos and enalaprilat-a study on enzyme kinetics. Phytother Res. 2012;26:517\u2013521.2209588310.1002\/ptr.3588","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3588"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_022_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu YY, Yang C, Li SN. Effects of genistein on angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats. Life Sci. 2006;79:828\u2013837.1662676110.1016\/j.lfs.2006.02.035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.02.035"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_023_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c23Aa","unstructured":"Polkowski KR, Mazurek AP. Biological properties of genistein. A review of in vitro and in vivo data. Acta Pol Pharm. 2000;57:135\u2013155.10934794"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_024_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierdomenico SD, Cipollone F, Lapenna D, Bucci A, Cuccurullo F, Mezzetti A. Heart rate in hypertensive patients treated with ACE inhibitors and long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2002;40:288\u2013295.10.1097\/00005344-200208000-0001412131558","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200208000-00014"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_025_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimada A, Inagaki M. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of ursolic acid isolated from Thymus vulgaris, L. Food Sci Technol Res. 2014;20:711\u2013714.10.3136\/fstr.20.711","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.20.711"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_026_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:493\u2013503.1192678410.7326\/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006"},{"key":"2025121209265145569_j_jcim-2017-0014_ref_027_w2aab3b7c11b1b6b1ab1b6c27Aa","unstructured":"Ahmed KKM, Khan MY, Shivananda BG. Cardiovascular diseases and role of medicinal plants as a re-emerging health aid. Pharmacogn Rev. 2009;3:8\u201321."}],"container-title":["Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jcim.2017.14.issue-4\/jcim-2017-0014\/jcim-2017-0014.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0014\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0014\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:28:10Z","timestamp":1765542490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0014\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jcim-2017-0014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3840","2194-6329"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3840","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2194-6329","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"article-number":"20170014"}}