{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:11:36Z","timestamp":1765541496612,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0137_s_006_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal period causes severe neuroendocrine changes in brain which influences memory and other nervous functions.\n                      <jats:italic>Anthocleista schweinfurthii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is used traditionally to treat female infertility and menopause related symptoms. This study was performed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Anthocleista schweinfurthii<\/jats:italic>\n                      on brain in a postmenopause-like model of ovariectomized Wistar rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0137_s_007_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty animals were sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) 84 days after surgery, six groups of five rats each were daily treated orally during 28 days with: distilled water for groups 1 (sham-operated) and 2 (Ovx), estradiol valerate (group 3) and the three doses of extracts {groups 4, 5 and 6 (Ovx)}. Biochemical and histological evaluations focused on brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0137_s_008_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to sham-operated control, ovariectomy decreased total protein levels in brain (p&lt;0.01) which was increased by plant extract at the dose of 300\u2009mg\/kg (p&lt;0.05), underlying its anabolic properties. Ovariectomy significantly decreased magnesium levels in brain (p&lt;0.001).\n                      <jats:italic>Anthocleista schweinfurthii<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased significantly magnesium levels (p&lt;0.01), showing its capacity to act on synaptic conduction. Ovariectomy induced oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde levels (p&lt;0.05) and decreasing reduced glutathione levels (p&lt;0.05) in brain. The plant extract exhibited antioxidative activity by reducing malondialdehyde levels and increasing glutathione levels in brain. Damage in brain structure which was caused by ovariectomy disappeared following the treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2017-0137_s_009_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>Anthocleista schweinfurthii<\/jats:italic>\n                      may have neuroprotective effects in Ovx Wistar rats by increasing total protein, magnesium levels and reducing oxidative stress in brain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2017-0137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T04:02:06Z","timestamp":1547956926000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuroprotective Effects of the\n                    <i>Anthocleista Schweinfurthii<\/i>\n                    Gilg. (Loganiaceae) Stem Bark Extract in Postmenopause-Like Model of Ovariectomized Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ngoungoure Madeleine","family":"Chantal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dzeufiet Djomeni","family":"Paul D\u00e9sir\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilanda Danielle","family":"Caude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengue Ngandena","family":"Yolande Sandrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mbolang Nguegang","family":"Lohik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mballa Marguerite","family":"Francine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dzekui Tchuo","family":"Larissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kameni Poumeni","family":"Mireille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamtchouing","family":"Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science , University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_001_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laflamme N, Nappi RE, Drolet G, Labrie C, Rivest S. Expression and neuropeptidergic characterization of estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) throughout the rat brain: anatomical evidence of distinct roles of each subtype. J Neurobiol. 1998;36:357\u201378.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(19980905)36:3<357::AID-NEU5>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_002_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins DB, Mazzanti CM, Fran\u00e7a RT, Pagnoncelli M, Costa MM, De Souza EM, et al. 17-\u03b2estradiol in the acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain and blood of ovariectomized adult and middle-aged rats. Life Sci. 2012;90:351\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.12.006"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_003_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greendale GA, Lee NP. Arriola ER. The menopause. Lancet. 1999;353:571\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05352-5"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_004_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beral V. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the million women study. Lancet. 2003;362:419\u201327.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14065-2"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_005_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messina M, Barnes S, Kd S. Phyto-oestrogens and breast cancer. Lancet. 1997.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)64062-7"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_006_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurzer MS, Xu X. Dietary phytoestrogens. Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:353\u201381.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.17.1.353"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_007_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan RY, Chen WF, Dong A, Guo D, Ms W. Estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside Rg1 derived from Panaxnoto ginseng. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(8):3691\u20135.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.8.3691"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_008_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartley DE, Ml F. Renal response to arginine vasopressin during the estrous cycle in the rat: comparison of glucose and saline infusion using physiological doses of vasopressin. Exp Physiol. 2002;87:9\u201315.","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8702288"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_009_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"File SE, Heard JE, Rymer J. Trough estradiol levels associated with cognitive impairment in post-menopausal women after 10 years of estradiol implants. Psychopharmacol (Berl). 2002;161:107\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1032-3"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_010_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njamen D, Mvondo MA, Djiogue S, Gjm, KW, Magne Nde CB, Vollmer G. Phytotherapy and women\u02bcs reproductive health: the Cameroonian perspective. Planta Med. 2013;79(07):600\u201311.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328326"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_011_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c11Aa","unstructured":"Kerharo J. La pharmacop\u00e9e S\u00e9n\u00e9galaise traditionnelle: plantes m\u00e9dicinales et toxiques. Edition The Book; 1974:508\u201310."},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_012_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sotiriadou S, Kyparos A, Mougios V, Trontzos CH, Sidiras G, Ch M. Estrogen effect on some enzymes in female rats after downhill running. Physiol Res. 2003;52:743\u20138.","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930400"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_013_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum proteins by the means of biuret reactions. J Biol Chem. 1949;177(2):751\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57021-6"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_014_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gl E. Tissue sulfhydryl group. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959;82:70\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_015_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c15Aa","unstructured":"Wilbur KM, Bernheim F, Shapiro OW. The thiobarbituric acid reagent as a test for the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by various agents. Arch Biochem. 1949;24(2):305\u201313."},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_016_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selli J, Unal D, Mercantepe F, Akaras N, Kabayel R, Unal B, et al.. Protective effects of beta glucan in brain tissues of postmenopausal rats: a histochemical and ultra-structural study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015. DOI: 10.3109\/09513590.2015.1110139.","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2015.1110139"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_017_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c17Aa","unstructured":"Cb H. Women\u2019s concerns with hormone replacement therapy compliance issues. Fertil Steril. 1994;62:157\u201360."},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_018_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c18Aa","unstructured":"Rozenbaum H. L\u2019\u00e9tude WHI: un gigantesque fiasco?. Reprod Hum Horm. 2006;19:240\u20132."},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_019_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bs M. Invited review: estrogens effects on the brain: multiple sites and molecular mechanisms. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91:2785\u2013801.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.6.2785"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_020_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee PC, Lee W. In vivo estrogenic action nonyphenol in immature rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996;57:341\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s001289900196"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_021_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c21Aa","unstructured":"Kouakou K, Benie T. Effet antifertilisant de daldinia concentrica et psathyrella efflorescens. Recherche des effets \u0153strog\u00e9niques. Ethnopharm. 2003;31:45\u201357."},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_022_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehua C, Zheng C, Jia Y, Honglin Z, Weishan W, Yuetao S. et al. Magnesium in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In: Robert V, Mihai N, editor. Magnesium in the central nervous system. South Australia: Published by The University of Adelaide Press; 2011;239\u201349.","DOI":"10.1017\/UPO9780987073051.019"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_023_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vural H, Demirin H, Kara Y, Eren I, Delibas N. Alterations of plasma magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and selenium concentrations and some related erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Trace Elements Med Biol. 2010;24:169\u201373.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2010.02.002"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_024_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slutsky I, Abumaria N, Wu LJ, Huang C, Zhang L, Li B, et al. Enhancement of learning and memory by elevating brain magnesium. Neuron. 2010;65:165\u201377.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.026"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_025_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzeufiet DPD, Mengue NY, Bilanda DC, Kameni M, Aboubakar OB, Dimo T, et al. In vivo estrogenic-like activities of gouania longipetala hemsl. (rhamnaceae) bark extracts in a post-menopause-like model of ovariectomized wistar rats. J Ethnopharm. 2015;168:122\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.049"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_026_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y\u00fcr\u00fcker V, Naz\u0131roglu M, \u015eenol N. Reduction in traumatic brain injury-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium entry in rat hippocampus by melatonin: possible involvement of TRPM2 channels. Metab Brain Dis. 2015;30(1):223\u201331.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9623-3"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_027_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c27Aa","unstructured":"Kii N, Adachi N, Liu K, Arai T. Acute effects of 17 beta-estradiol on oxidative stress in ischemic rat striatum. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2005;17:27\u201332."},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_028_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behl C, Moosmann B, Manthey D, Heck S. The female sex hormone estrogen as neuro-protectant: activities at various levels. Novartis Found Symp. 2000;230:221\u201334.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470870818.ch16"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_029_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang CN, Chi CW, Lin YL, Chen CF, Yj S. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens on amyloid beta protein-induced toxicity are mediated by abrogating the activation of caspase cascade in rat cortical neurons. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(7):5287\u201395.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006406200"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_030_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba F, Pang PKT, Davidge ST, Cg B. The neuroprotective effects of estrogen in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell cultures. Neurochem Int. 2004;44:401\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2003.08.004"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_031_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unal D, Halici Z, Altunkaynak Z, Keles ON, Oral E, Unal B. A new hypothesis about neuronal degeneration appeared after a rat model of menopause. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;9:25\u201330.","DOI":"10.1159\/000329721"},{"key":"2025121209193536331_j_jcim-2017-0137_ref_032_w2aab3b7c36b1b6b1ab2b2c32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggi A. Estrogens, apoptosis and cells of neural origin. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2000;59:115\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6781-6_14"}],"container-title":["Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jcim.2019.16.issue-1\/jcim-2017-0137\/jcim-2017-0137.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0137\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0137\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:08:30Z","timestamp":1765541310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0137\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jcim-2017-0137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0137","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3840","2194-6329"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1553-3840"},{"type":"print","value":"2194-6329"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]]},"article-number":"20170137"}}