{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:34:06Z","timestamp":1765546446677,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2018-0202_s_011_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1985615e44588_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b1aAa\">Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Distemonanthus benthamianus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is used in the Western part of Cameroon to treat diarrheal episodes and infections. This study assessed its trunk-bark extracts activity against enteropathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      31 (EPEC 31)-induced diarrhea in rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2018-0202_s_012_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1985615e44602_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b2aAa\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aqueous and methanolic extracts were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs\/MBCs) were evaluated on\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ATCC 10,541),\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ATCC 6539),\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ATCC 13,883),\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ATCC 6539) strains and on\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PA 01) and\n                      <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates using the microdilution method. Diarrhea was induced by inoculating rats with EPEC 31 (1.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      CFU\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p.o<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Serum transaminases level assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokines determination were performed. Hematoxylin\u2013eosin (H\u2013E) staining was used for intestinal tissue analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2018-0202_s_013_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1985615e44641_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b3aAa\">Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HPLC fingerprints of extracts showed presence of gallic acid and other unidentified compounds. The lowest MIC of 256\u2006\u00b5g\/mL was obtained with methanolic extract. At 100\u2009mg\/kg, both extracts significantly (p&lt;0.001) inhibited diarrhea, with the methanolic extract being the most active. In addition, the methanolic extract significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased the relative mass of the liver compared to negative control (Tween-DMSO 8%). The aqueous extract (100\u2009mg\/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum concentration; while the methanolic extract (100\u2009mg\/kg) exhibited similar effect over aspartate aminotransferase (AST). At 50 and 100\u2009mg\/kg, the methanolic extract significantly (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.01) decreased the Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) serum level, compared to negative control (Tween-DMSO 8%). Serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) significantly (p&lt;0.001) decreased with 100\u2009mg\/kg of aqueous extract and all doses of methanolic extract. Inhibition of inflammatory cells tissue infiltration and epithelial regeneration was highly noticed in the ileum and colon of extracts-treated rats than in ciprofloxacin-treated animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2018-0202_s_014_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1985615e44650_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c16b4aAa\">Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>D. benthamianus<\/jats:italic>\n                      trunk-bark extracts displayed therapeutic effects against infectious diarrhea in rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2018-0202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T05:02:35Z","timestamp":1558674155000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Curative effects of\n                    <i>Distemonanthus benthamianus<\/i>\n                    Baillon. Trunk-bark extracts on enteropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    31-induced diarrhea in rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yousseu Nana","family":"William","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Dschang , PO. Box 67 Dschang , Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ateufack","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Dschang , PO. Box 67 Dschang , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Jabbar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fazli","family":"Wahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mbiantcha","family":"Marius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Dschang , PO. Box 67 Dschang , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arfat","family":"Yameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Luqman","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Sajjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS University Islamabad , Abbottabad campus 22060 , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jules-Roger","family":"Kuiate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Dschang , PO. 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