{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:33:15Z","timestamp":1765542795010,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2019-0045_s_010_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      seed has anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic properties. This study interrogated the effect of crude hydroethanolic\n                      <jats:italic>M. oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      seed extract on the blood markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in high-fructose diet fed growing Sprague-Dawley rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2019-0045_s_011_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty 21-day old female and male Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly allocated to and administered one of the following treatment regimens daily for twelve weeks: group I \u2013 plain drinking water (PW)+plain gelatine cube (PC), group II \u2013 20% (w\/v) fructose solution (FS)+PC, group III \u2013 FS+100\u2009mg\/kg body mass fenofibrate in gelatine cube (FN), group IV \u2013 FS+low dose (50\u2009mg\/kg body mass) of\n                      <jats:italic>M. oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      in gelatine cube (LMol) and group V \u2013 FS+high dose (500\u2009mg\/kg body mass) of\n                      <jats:italic>M. oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      in gelatine cube (HMol). The rats in each treatment regimen had\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      access to a standard rat chow. After the 12-week trial, the rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test and then euthanised 48\u2006h later. Blood was collected. Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and insulin concentration were determined. HOMA-IR was then computed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2019-0045_s_012_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high-fructose diet increased (p&lt;0.05) plasma insulin concentration and HOMA-IR in female rats only. It increased plasma triglyceride concentration in both female and male rats and plasma cholesterol concentration in male rats only. The crude hydroethanolic\n                      <jats:italic>M. oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      seed extract prevented the high-fructose diet-induced metabolic derangements in male and female rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2019-0045_s_013_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Crude hydroethanolic\n                      <jats:italic>M. oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      seed extract can potentially be used as a prophylactic intervention for diet-induced MetS in children.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2019-0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,17]],"date-time":"2019-08-17T07:26:22Z","timestamp":1566026782000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of crude\n                    <i>\n                      <b>Moringa oleifera<\/b>\n                    <\/i>\n                    Lam. seed extract on the blood markers of metabolic syndrome in high-fructose diet-fed growing Sprague-Dawley rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Masiline","family":"Mapfumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0291-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Busisani W.","family":"Lembede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwell R.","family":"Ndhlala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliton","family":"Chivandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_001_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saklayen MG. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018;20:12.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_002_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nolan PB, Carrick-Ranson G, Stinear JW, Reading SA, Dalleck LC. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome components in young adults: a pooled analysis. Prev Med Reports 2017;7:211\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.07.004"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_003_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera DS, Lindsay CB, Codocedo JF, Carre\u00f1o LE, Cabrera D, Arrese MA, et al. Long-term, fructose-induced metabolic syndrome-like condition is associated with higher metabolism, reduced synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment in Octodon degus. Mol Neurobiol 2018;55:9169\u201387.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-0969-0"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_004_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tappy L, L\u00ea KA. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev 2010;90:23\u201346.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2009"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_005_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutledge AC, Adeli K. Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2008;65:S13\u201323.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00322.x"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_006_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dekker MJ, Su Q, Baker C, Rutledge AC, Adeli K. Fructose: a highly lipogenic nutrient implicated in insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010;299:E685\u201394.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00283.2010"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_007_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basciano H, Federico L, Adeli K. Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2005;2:5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-2-5"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_008_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mahmood A, Afrin S, Hoque N. Dyslipidemia in insulin resistance: cause or effect. Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014;7:27\u201331.","DOI":"10.3329\/bjmb.v7i1.18576"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_009_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:25F\u20139F.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00211-8"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_010_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li N, Fu J, Koonen DP, Kuivenhoven JA, Snieder H, Hofker MH. Are hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL causal factors in the development of insulin resistance?. Atherosclerosis 2014;233:130\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.013"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_011_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ooi EM, Ng TW, Watts GF, Chan DC, Barrett PH. Effect of fenofibrate and atorvastatin on VLDL apoE metabolism in men with the metabolic syndrome. J Lipid Res 2012;53:2443\u20139.","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P029223"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_012_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fyhrquist P, Mwasumbi L, H\u00e6ggstr\u00f6m CA, Vuorela HI, Hiltunen R, Vuorela P. Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial investigation on some species of Terminalia and Combretum (Combretaceae) growing in Tanzania. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79:169\u201377.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00375-0"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_013_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c13Aa","unstructured":"Fahey JW. Moringa oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees Life J 2005;1:1\u201315."},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_014_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Moringa oleifera seeds and oil: characteristics and uses for human health. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:E2141.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122141"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_015_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey A, Pandey R, Tripathi P, Gupta PP, Haider J, Bhatt S, et al. Moringa Oleifera Lam. Sahijan)-A plant with a plethora of diverse therapeutic benefits: an updated retrospection. Med Aromat Plants 2012;1:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-0412.1000101"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_016_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bais S, Singh GS, Sharma R. Antiobesity and hypolipidemic activity of Moringa oleifera leaves against high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Adv Biol 2014;2014:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/162914"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_017_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbikay M. Therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera leaves in chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia: a review. Front Pharmacol 2012;3:24.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00024"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_018_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c18Aa","unstructured":"Ajibola M, Eunice O, Stephanie IN. Effects of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds on alloxan induced hyperglycemia. Basic Sci Med 2014;3:37\u201342."},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_019_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Malki AL, El Rabey HA. The antidiabetic effect of low doses of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in male rats. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:381040.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/381040"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_020_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamza AA. Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract on liver fibrosis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:345\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.10.022"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_021_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajibade TO, Arowolo R, Olayemi FO. Phytochemical screening and toxicity studies on the methanol extract of the seeds of moringa oleifera. J Complement Integr Med 2013;10:1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2012-0015"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_022_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fawole OA, Ndhlala AR, Amoo SO, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Anti-inflammatory and phytochemical properties of twelve medicinal plants used for treating gastro-intestinal ailments in South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;123:237\u201343.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.03.012"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_023_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamerman PR, Modisa BM, Mphahlele NR. Atorvastatin, a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is not antipyretic in rats. J Therm Biol 2004;29:431\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2004.08.012"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_024_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira AV, Parreira GG, Porto LC, Mario \u00c9G, Delpuerto HL, Martins AS, et al. Fenofibrate prevents orotic acid\u2013induced hepatic steatosis in rats. Life Sci 2008;82:876\u201383.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.02.003"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_025_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loxham SJ, Teague J, Poucher SM, De Schoolmeester J, Turnbull AV, Carey F. Glucagon challenge in the rat: a robust method for the in vivo assessment of Glycogen phosphorlyase inhibitor efficacy. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007;55:71\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2006.03.005"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_026_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412\u201319.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_027_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randriamboavonjy JI, Loirand G, Vaillant N, Lauzier B, Derbr\u00e9 S, Michalet S, et al. Cardiac protective effects of Moringa oleifera seeds in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2016;29:873\u201381.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw001"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_028_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias S, Paredes S, Ribeiro L. Drugs involved in dyslipidemia and obesity treatment: focus on adipose tissue. Int J Endocrinol 2018;2018:2637418.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2637418"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_029_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira AV, Parreira GG, Green A, Botion LM. Effects of fenofibrate on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of rats. Metabolism 2006;55:731\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.01.020"},{"key":"2025121209265782787_j_jcim-2019-0045_ref_030_w2aab3b8d112b1b7b1ab2b3c30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Liu Q, Li LY, Huan Y, Sun SJ, Shen ZF. Long-term fenofibrate treatment impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and up-regulated pancreatic NF-kappa B and iNOS expression in monosodium glutamate-induced obese rats: is that a latent disadvantage?. J Transl Med 2011;9:176.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-176"}],"container-title":["Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/jcim\/17\/1\/article-20190045.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2019-0045\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2019-0045\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:28:36Z","timestamp":1765542516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2019-0045\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jcim-2019-0045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2019-0045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3840"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1553-3840"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"article-number":"20190045"}}