{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:01:19Z","timestamp":1765540879466,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2021-0208_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this study was to investigate the role that the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device, an auricular field nerve stimulator, may play in reducing opioid requirement and pain in kidney donor surgery. It was not a randomized study. Electrophysiologic studies have demonstrated that the stimulation of the cranial nerves produced by the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device modulates the ascending\/descending spinal pain pathways, especially at the level of the limbic system.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2021-0208_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The design compared the effects of the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device (NSS 2-BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device group; n=10) to a control group (n=10). In both groups, the surgery was performed using the same standard enhanced recovery after surgery protocol based on the use of a multimodal analgesic approach. For the active treatment group, the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device was placed in the post anesthesia care unit. The primary endpoint was opioid requirement (oral morphine equivalent, OME in mg) at 24\u00a0h post-surgery. Secondary endpoints included pain (0\u201310), at 24 and 48\u00a0h, time to discharge from the recovery room, incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting at 24\u00a0h, time to oral intake, time to ambulation, and time to discharge from the hospital. Data was analyzed using unpaired t-test and presented as mean \u00b1 standard deviation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2021-0208_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to control, the use of the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      was associated with a 75.4% reduction in OME (33.6 vs. 8.3\u00a0mg; p=0.03) and 41.5% reduction in pain (5 vs. 3.28; p=0.06) at 24\u00a0h and a 73.3% difference in pain at 48\u00a0h (1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6 vs. 6.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.8; p=0.0004). There was no difference in non-opioid analgesics administration between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2021-0208_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The tolerability of NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device was reported by most to be excellent. This study suggests that the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      device may represent a complementary approach for controlling postoperative opioid consumption and pain in patients undergoing kidney donation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2021-0208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T16:28:51Z","timestamp":1635524931000},"page":"449-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Auricular field nerve stimulation using the NSS-2 BRIDGE\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    device as an alternative to opioids following kidney donor surgery"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques E.","family":"Chelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond M.","family":"Planinsic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Tevar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery , University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany E.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209161803750_j_jcim-2021-0208_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reese, PP, Boudville, N, Garg, AX. 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