{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T08:44:02Z","timestamp":1781858642536,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2022-0353_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of co-occurring alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high, and the presence of one disorder aggravates the\u00a0severity of the other. Emerging evidence shows the neuroprotective and anti-inflammation functions of psychobiotics. Hence, the study explored the effects of\u00a0probiotics and synbiotic inulin on the gut- and liver-oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in chronic alcohol exacerbation of PTSD symptoms in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2022-0353_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adult rats were administered 10% ethanol in a two-bottle choice test for six weeks and were\u00a0subjected to single prolonged stress. Probiotics and\u00a0synbiotic intervention followed this. Markers of oxido-inflammatory stress, liver functions, intestinal (faecal) metabolites, occludin expression, and histopathology of the ileum and liver were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2022-0353_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic alcohol drinking and PTSD increased oxido-inflammatory stress, markers of hepatic damage, and reduced faecal metabolites, which were attenuated by\u00a0probiotic and synbiotic interventions. Furthermore, reduced immunoexpression of gut and liver occludin, with\u00a0loss of barrier integrity, viable hepatocytes, congestive portal area, and shortened villi and crypt depth, were observed. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions mitigated these effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2022-0353_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrates that psychobiotics mitigate the detrimental effects of co-occurring chronic alcohol intake in the context of PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2022-0353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T02:30:38Z","timestamp":1671503438000},"page":"92-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Psychobiotic interventions attenuate chronic alcohol use-mediated exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder in rats: the role of gut-liver axis response"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Akinluyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Afe Babalola University , Ado- Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edem E.","family":"Edem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Afe Babalola University , Ado- Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin M.","family":"Dakoru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Afe Babalola University , Ado- Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinaza J.","family":"Nnodim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Afe Babalola University , Ado- Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Oladipupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Afe Babalola University , Ado- Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun A.","family":"Adeoluwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Afe Babalola University , Ado- Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiola O.","family":"Obisesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy , Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benneth","family":"Ben-Azu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Delta State University , Abraka , Delta State , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun G.","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences , PAMO University of Medical Sciences , Port Harcourt , Rivers State , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209115000170_j_jcim-2022-0353_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reus, VI, Fochtmann, LJ, Bukstein, O, Eyler, AE, Hilty, DM, Horvitz-Lennon, M, et al.. 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