{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1767864572364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"no funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2023-0239_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examine how well ozone\/oxygen gas therapy treats chronic hepatitis C patients with varying degrees of liver fibrosis. Also to study the effect of giving multiple anti-oxidants with the ozone\/oxygen gas mixture, to see if this addition would have any additive or synergistic effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2023-0239_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and twenty three patients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver biopsies were carried out at after 12\u00a0weeks of administering an ozone\/oxygen gas mixture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2023-0239_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean stage of fibrosis decreased from 1.98 to 1.41 and the mean grade of inflammation decreased from 10.08 to 7.94, both with a p value less than 0.001. After 12\u00a0weeks of treatment, mean PCR values increased. No single significant complication was recorded in a total of &gt;9,000 settings of ozone therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2023-0239_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ozone oxygen gas mixture is safe and effective in treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic viral hepatitis C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2023-0239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T14:20:32Z","timestamp":1704723632000},"page":"131-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of ozone gas on viral kinetics and liver histopathology in hepatitis C patients"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sadek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Hepatology & Gastroenterology , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abd El Hady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hammam","family":"Olfat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afaf A.","family":"Abd El Hady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Chemistry , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Wafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Public Health , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5853-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moushira","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Anthropology , Medical Researches and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman R.","family":"Youness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Researches and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamison, DT, Summers, LH, Alleyne, G, Arrow, KJ, Berkley, S, Binagwaho, A, et al.. Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation. Lancet 2013;382:1898\u2013955.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62105-4"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_002","unstructured":"Organization WH. Global health estimates. Geneva: World Heal. Organ.; 2012."},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolnikov, S, Adam, R, Cherqui, D, Allard, MA. Liver transplantation in elderly patients: what do we know at the beginning of 2020? Surg Today 2020;50:533\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-020-01996-7"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, AY, Chung, RT. Coinfection with HIV-1 and HCV\u00a0\u2013 a one-two punch. Gastroenterology 2009;137:795\u2013814.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.06.040"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_005","unstructured":"Jani, P, Patel, G, Yadav, P, Sant, L, Jain, H. Ozone therapy: the alternative medicine of future. Indian J Phys Med Rehabil 2012;2:196\u2013203."},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janhom, N, Whangchai, K. Ozone fumigation promotes antioxidant activities to retard chlorophyll degradation and cell death in \u2018Jinda\u2019 chili during storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 2023;202:112375.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2023.112375"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes, PJ, Karin, M. Nuclear factor-\u03baB\u00a0\u2013 a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1066\u201371.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serra, MEG, Baeza-Noci, J, Abdala, CVM, Luvisotto, MM, Bertol, CD, Anzolin, AP. Clinical effectiveness of medical ozone therapy in COVID-19: the evidence and gaps map. Med Gas Res 2023;13:172.","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.372819"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halfon, P, Khiri, H, Gerolami, V, Bourliere, M, Feryn, JM, Reynier, P, et al.. Impact of various handling and storage conditions on quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA. J Hepatol 1996;25:307\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80116-4"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Germer, JJ, Harmsen, WS, Mandrekar, JN, Mitchell, PS, Yao, JDC. Evaluation of the COBAS TaqMan HCV test with automated sample processing using the MagNA pure LC instrument. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:293\u20138.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.293-298.2005"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishak, K, Baptista, A, Bianchi, L, Callea, F, De Groote, J, Gudat, F, et al.. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995;22:696\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asrani, SK, Devarbhavi, H, Eaton, J, Kamath, PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol 2019;70:151\u201371.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach, N, Thung, SN, Schaffner, F. The histological features of chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune chronic hepatitis: a comparative analysis. Hepatology 1992;15:572\u20137.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150403"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bility, MT, Cheng, L, Zhang, Z, Luan, Y, Li, F, Chi, L, et al.. Hepatitis B virus infection and immunopathogenesis in a humanized mouse model: induction of human-specific liver fibrosis and M2-like macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2014;10:e1004032.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004032"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xing, Y, Zhong, W, Peng, D, Han, Z, Zeng, H, Wang, Y, et al.. Chinese herbal formula ruangan granule enhances the efficacy of entecavir to reverse advanced liver fibrosis\/early cirrhosis in patients with chronic HBV infection: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Pharmacol Res 2023;190:106737.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106737"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_016","unstructured":"Chen, Y, Li, J, Zeng, M, Lu, L, Qu, D, Mao, Y, et al.. The inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on hepatitis C virus in\u00a0vitro. Chinese J Hepatol 2001;9:12\u20134."},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_017","unstructured":"Yang, W, Zeng, M, Fan, Z, Mao, Y, Song, Y, Jia, Y, et al.. Prophylactic and therapeutic effect of oxymatrine on D-galactosamine-induced rat liver fibrosis. Chinese J Hepatol 2002;10:193\u20136."},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallowfield, JA, Iredale, JP. Reversal of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis\u00a0\u2013 an emerging reality. Scott Med J 2004;49:3\u20136.","DOI":"10.1177\/003693300404900101"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K-Y, Choi, I, Kim, S-S. Progression of hepatic stellate cell activation is associated with the level of oxidative stress rather than cytokines during CCl4-induced fibrogenesis. Mol Cells. 2000;10:289\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)17477-2"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coutinho, EM, Barros, AF, Barbosa, AJr, Oliveira, SA, Silva, LM, Ara\u00fajo, RE, et al.. Host nutritional status as a contributory factor to the remodeling of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003;98:919\u201325.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762003000700011"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, LG, Zeng, MD, Mao, YM, Wan, MB, Li, CZ, Chen, CW, et al.. Medicinal Herbs for HCV (oxymatrin). World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:2480\u20133.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i11.2480"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J, Zern, MA. Hepatic stellate cells: a target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol 2000;35:665\u201372.","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350070045"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferret, P-J, Hammoud, R, Tulliez, M, Tran, A, Tr\u00e9b\u00e9den, H, Jaffray, P, et al.. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species by a nonpeptidyl mimic of superoxide dismutase cures acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in the mouse. Hepatology 2001;33:1173\u201380.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24267"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bocci, V. Ozone as Janus: this controversial gas can be either toxic or medically useful. Mediators Inflamm 2004;13:3\u201311.","DOI":"10.1080\/0962935062000197083"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe, RF, Schnabl, B, Kweon, YO, Brenner, DA. CD40 activates NF-\u03baB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and enhances chemokine secretion on activated human hepatic stellate cells. J Immunol 2001;166:6812\u20139.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.11.6812"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dooley, S, Hamzavi, J, Breitkopf, K, Wiercinska, E, Said, HM, Lorenzen, J, et al.. Smad7 prevents activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats. Gastroenterology 2003;125:178\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00666-8"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marra, F, Efsen, E, Romanelli, RG, Caligiuri, A, Pastacaldi, S, Batignani, G, et al.. Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 modulate profibrogenic and proinflammatory actions in hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 2000;119:466\u201378.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9365"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boya, P, Larrea, E, Sola, I, Majano, P-L, JIMenez, C, Civeira, M-P, et al.. Nuclear factor-\u03bab in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis c: decreased rela expression is associated with enhanced fibrosis progression. Hepatology 2001;34:1041\u20138.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.29002"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poynard, T, McHutchison, J, Manns, M, Trepo, C, Lindsay, K, Goodman, Z, et al.. Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1303\u201313.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33023"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, Y-M, Zeng, M-D, Lu, L-G, Wan, M-B, Li, C-Z, Chen, C-W, et al.. Capsule oxymatrine in treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic viral hepatitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:3269.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i22.3269"},{"key":"2025121209103265844_j_jcim-2023-0239_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sookoian, S, Fern\u00e1ndez, MA, Casta\u00f1o, G. Effects of six months losartan administration on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients: a pilot study. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:7560.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i48.7560"}],"container-title":["Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2023-0239\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2023-0239\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T11:43:02Z","timestamp":1765539782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jcim-2023-0239\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jcim-2023-0239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2023-0239","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]}}}