{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:58:58Z","timestamp":1783353538710,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019305","name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG thesis grant number PGR660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG thesis grant number PGR660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0262_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excessive fluoride exposure leads to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, causing harmful effects on the metabolic organs in the human body. Betanin, a pigment obtained from beetroot, is seen to have powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The study was conducted to determine the role of betanin in fluoride induced hepato-renal toxicity in Wistar\u00a0rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0262_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty four rats were divided into four groups. Group \u2160 (control) rats received 1\u202fmL distilled water; group \u2161 rats were administered 10\u202fmg\/kg of sodium fluoride (NaF); group \u2162 received 10\u202fmg\/kg NaF and 50\u202fmg\/kg (low dose) betanin; group \u2163 received 10\u202fmg\/kg NaF and 200\u202fmg\/kg (high dose) betanin. Animals were dosed orally for 90 days. Various markers of liver and kidney function as well as oxidative stress were measured. Liver and kidney samples were examined for histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0262_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animals in group \u2161 had significantly increased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen compared to the NaF\u00a0+\u00a0betanin treated animals (group \u2162 &amp; \u2163). Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in rats treated with NaF\u00a0+\u00a0betanin (low and high dose). Histologically, in group II rats, signs of interstitial nephritis were seen in the kidneys while liver sections showed clear indication of features of fatty liver and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with betanin alleviated the severity of histopathological changes induced by\u00a0NaF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0262_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Betanin significantly ameliorated NaF-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, therefore, has potential to be used as protective agent against fluoride induced hepato-renal toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2024-0262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T02:00:46Z","timestamp":1735869646000},"page":"94-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A preclinical study on effect of betanin on sodium fluoride induced hepatorenal toxicity in Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Darrel","family":"Castelino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-9331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Parida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , Karnataka , India"},{"name":"Center for Animal Research , Ethics and Training (CARET) , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharti","family":"Chogtu Magazine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Fathima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohandas Rao","family":"K.G.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , Karnataka , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121209061514626_j_jcim-2024-0262_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbier, O, Arreola-Mendoza, L, Del Razo, LM. Molecular mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2010;188:319\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.07.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.07.011"},{"key":"2025121209061514626_j_jcim-2024-0262_ref_002","unstructured":"Rao, Nagendra CR. Fluoride and environment\u2013a review. In: Bunch MJ, Suresh VM, Kumaran TV, editors, Proceedings of the third international conference on environment and health. Department of Geography, University of Madras and Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Chennai; 2003:386\u201399 pp."},{"key":"2025121209061514626_j_jcim-2024-0262_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adelakun, SA, Ogunlade, B, Fidelis, OP, Adedotun, OA. Cyperus esculentus suppresses hepato-renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and caspase-3 activation following chronic exposure to sodium fluoride in rats\u2019 model. 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