{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:33:36Z","timestamp":1791923616156,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/n\/a","name":"Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Next Generation Scholars Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Next Generation Scholars Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/n\/a","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0447_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of orally administered cytidine-5\u2032-diphosphocholine (citicholine) (50,100,200\u202fmg\/kg), \u03b1-tocopherol (Vit E; 25\u202fmg\/kg), caffeine (10\u202fmg\/kg), L-dopa (25\u202fmg\/kg) or the combination of Vit E, caffeine with citicholine (100\u202fmg\/kg) on nigrostriatal neuronal damage induced in the mice brain by subcutaneous (s.c.) rotenone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0447_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swiss male mice received rotenone (1.5\u202fmg\/kg, s.c, three times per week) alone or with other drugs for 2\u00a0weeks. Mice were evaluated for brain malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), interlukin-1beta (IL-1\u03b2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1). Histopathologic examination was also done.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0447_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cticholine co-treatment at 50, 100 or 200\u202fmg\/kg significantly decreased brain MDA and increased PON-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner. When given at 200\u202fmg\/kg, it also significantly decreased NO production, while at 100 and 200\u202fmg\/kg significantly increased GSH brain. MCP-1 significantly decreased upon treatment with 100 or 200\u202fmg\/kg of citicholine. IL-1 \u03b2 and NF-\u03baB significantly decreased and AChE significantly increased by 200\u202fmg\/kg citicholine. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers also showed favorable changes after Vit E, caffeine or L-dopa. However, the combination of Vit E and\/or caffeine with 100\u202fmg\/kg citicholine was not superior to that of only citicholine at 100 or 200\u202fmg\/kg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2024-0447_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Citicholine is neuroprotective in acute rotenone nigrostriatal degeneration via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is suggested that citicholine may have a role in treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease by decreasing neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress, preventing the development of neuronal damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2024-0447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T08:13:21Z","timestamp":1739261601000},"page":"479-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of cytidine-5\u2032-diphosphocholine alone, caffeine or their combination on oxidative stress\u00a0and inflammatory response in an experimentally-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Soha Mohamed","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Fayoum University , Al Fayoum , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Ahmed","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Fayoum University , Al Fayoum , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman R.","family":"Youness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Mohamed Rabie","family":"Elesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science , Fayoum University , Al Fayoum , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar M. 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