{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:50:04Z","timestamp":1792788604202,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"None declared"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0238_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While conventional medicine (CM) has improved outcomes for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), issues with accessibility, affordability, and potential adverse effects limit its widespread use. As a result, many patients and caregivers turn to traditional medicine (TM) as an alternative approach to managing\u00a0SCD. This scoping review aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy, safety, and potential mechanisms of action of TM in SCD, while exploring its integration with\u00a0CM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0238_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and AYUSH Research Portal. Clinical trials, observational studies,\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies, and ethnopharmacological surveys investigating TM interventions in SCD were included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0238_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary and outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 27 selected studies, 11 were\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , four\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , six clinical trials, and six qualitative surveys. Several medicinal plants demonstrated promising anti-sickling, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Formulations such as Niprisan\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Ciklavit\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and T-AYU-HM\u2122 Premium showed potential in reducing vaso-occlusive crises and improving hematological parameters. However, limitations include variability in herbal formulations, lack of standardization, and inadequate\u00a0RCTs. While preliminary findings are promising, further well-designed RCTs are needed to establish the efficacy of TM in SCD. Integrating evidence-based TM with CM options could provide a holistic and patient-centered strategy for\u00a0SCD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2025-0238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T17:55:28Z","timestamp":1761587728000},"page":"43-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of traditional medicine in the management of sickle cell disease: a scoping review of current evidence"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danish","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ayush , All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal , Bhopal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kayachikitsa , 75206 Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College and Hospital Government of NCT of Delhi , Karol Bagh, 110005 , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athulya","family":"TH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal , Bhopal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Thejesh","family":"Molakapuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal , Bhopal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1866-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azeem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ayurveda , Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of Ayush, Government of India , New Delhi , Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Dhingra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal , Bhopal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215162676698_j_jcim-2025-0238_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elendu, C, Amaechi, DC, Alakwe-Ojimba, CE, Elendu, TC, Elendu, RC, Ayabazu, CP, et al.. 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