{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:11:44Z","timestamp":1778602304356,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0387_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study sought to evaluate the biological effects of the hydroethanolic extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Scoparia dulcis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SDE) on some innate immune responses that are implicated in inflammatory respiratory diseases, using the lipopolysaccharide-induced mice model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0387_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5\u202fmg\/kg) was dissolved in 2\u202fmL phosphate buffered saline and injected (IP) into mice 1\u202fh after drug administration to induce inflammation and systemic immune responses. Mice were pre-treated with either 10\u202fmg\/kg prednisolone or SDE (50, 100, 250\u202fmg\/kg,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>\n                      .). The expressions of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes (COX-2) were evaluated by a real-time PCR technique. Furthermore, histopathological examinations were performed on the lung tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0387_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-treatment with SDE significantly suppressed (p&lt;0.001) the expressions of TNF-\u03b1, SCF, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and COX-2, as well as iNOS enzymes in the mRNAs of LPS-induced mice, and it also reduced NO levels and endotoxin-induced lung damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2025-0387_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SDE exhibited strong immunomodulatory activities and thus, would have potential benefits in immune-inflammatory disease management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2025-0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T13:56:24Z","timestamp":1771250184000},"page":"128-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the immunomodulatory activities of\n                    <i>Scoparia dulcis<\/i>\n                    extract against lipopolysaccharide-induced allergic inflammation in mice through suppression of innate pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and iNOS signalling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jones","family":"Ofori-Amoah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Amaning","family":"Danquah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kumasi , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwesi Boadu","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kumasi , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meshack","family":"Antwi-Adjei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , 606725 School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Ayivor-Djanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences , School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Hohoayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron Opoku","family":"Antwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kumasi , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvester Yao","family":"Lokpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215162691340_j_jcim-2025-0387_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzal, TE, Flore, DNS, Donatien, AA, William, NY, Herve, TT, Vanessa, MMM, et al.. 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