{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:51:37Z","timestamp":1791395497151,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2026-0132_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus leads to many complications in long term. This study aims to assess the effect of betanin on complications like diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and dyslipidemia in a streptozotocin (40\u202fmg\/kg)-nicotinamide (100\u202fmg\/kg) induced rodent models of type 2\u00a0DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2026-0132_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 48, 4\u00a0months old Wistar rats were equally into six groups: Group 1\u00a0=\u00a0Control, group 2\u00a0=\u00a0Disease control, group 3\u00a0=\u00a0metformin (70\u202fmg\/kg) treated, group 4\u00a0=\u00a0betanin (50\u202fmg\/kg) treated, group 5\u00a0=\u00a0betanin (100\u202fmg\/kg), group 6\u00a0=\u00a0metformin (70\u202fmg\/kg)\u00a0+\u00a0betanin (100\u202fmg\/kg). To induce type 2 DM Inj. Nicotinamide (100\u202fmg\/kg) i.p. followed by Inj. Streptozotocin (40\u202fmg\/kg) i.p. were administered to all rats except control group. On day 7th rats showing blood glucose levels above 300\u202fmg\/dL were considered type 2 diabetic. DKD and DPN were assessed by renal function test and thermal allodynia by using hot and cold plate method respectively; while dyslipidemia by monitoring the serum cholesterol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2026-0132_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At day 60 and 120, treatment with metformin and betanin individually and as combination therapy caused significant decrease in serum urea levels compared to disease control. Betanin showed significant increase in withdrawal time on hot plate compared to the healthy control, indicating it did not reverse the sensory deficit. Combination group showed promising results for cold plate allodynia against disease control. Treatment with betanin showed a significant decrease in TC and TG levels than disease control\u00a0rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jcim-2026-0132_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Betanin shows promising therapeutic effect on diabetic kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy and dyslipidemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2026-0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:55:31Z","timestamp":1784904931000},"page":"413-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of betanin as a multi-target therapeutic agent against diabetic kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, and dyslipidaemia in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rathi Bishakha","family":"Jayprakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-9331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Parida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya","family":"Kateel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagnoor Singh","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Animal Research Facility, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100716595857236_j_jcim-2026-0132_ref_001","unstructured":"Goyal, R, Singhal, M, Jialal, I. 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