{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:58:09Z","timestamp":1780437489132,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2020-0240_abs_001_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1aab1c17b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reviews exploring harm outcomes such as adverse effects (AE), all cause dropouts (ACD), dropouts due to inefficacy, and dropouts due to AE associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) or osteopathic manual therapy (OMTh) are scant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2020-0240_abs_002_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1aab1c17b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To explore the overall AE, ACD, dropouts due to inefficacy, and AE in chronic noncancerous pain (CNCP) patients receiving OMTh through a systematic review of previous literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2020-0240_abs_003_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1aab1c17b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), EMCare, and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Ostmed.Dr, as\u00a0well as the bibliographical references of previous systematic reviews evaluating OMTh for pain severity, disability, quality of life, and return to work outcomes. Randomized controlled trials with CNCP patients 18 years or older with OMTh as an active or combination intervention and the presence of a control or combination group were eligible for inclusion. In this sub-study of a previous, larger\u00a0systematic review, 11 studies (n=1,015) reported data\u00a0that allowed the authors to perform meta-analyses on\u00a0ACD and dropouts due to AE. The risk of bias (ROB) was\u00a0assessed with the Cochrane ROB tool and the quality of\u00a0evidence was determined with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2020-0240_abs_004_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1aab1c17b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pooled analysis showed that ACD was not significantly different for visceral OMTh (vOMTh) vs. OMTh control (odds ratio [OR]=2.66 [95% confidence interval [[CI]], 0.28, 24.93]) or for OMTh vs. standard care (OR=1.26 [95% CI, 0.84, 1.89]; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0%). Single study analysis showed that OMTh results were nonsignificant in\u00a0comparison with chemonucleolysis, gabapentin, and exercise. OMTh in combination with gabapentin (vs. gabapentin alone) and OMTh in combination with exercise (vs. exercise alone) showed nonsignificant ACD. Dropouts due to AE were not significantly different, but the results could not be pooled due to an insufficient number of studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2020-0240_abs_005_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1aab1c17b5Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most articles did not explicitly report AEs, ACD rates, or dropouts due to AEs and inefficacy. The limited data available on dropouts showed that OMTh was\u00a0well tolerated compared with control interventions, and that the ACD and dropouts due to AEs were not significantly different than comparators. Future trials should focus on explicit reporting of dropouts along with beneficial outcomes to provide a better understanding of OMTh efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2020-0240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T21:27:57Z","timestamp":1615843677000},"page":"417-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dropout associated with osteopathic manual treatment for chronic noncancerous pain in randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2817-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasir","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methodology, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact , The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care , Hamilton , ON , Canada"},{"name":"McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences at Canadian Academy of Osteopathy , Hamilton , ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences at Canadian Academy of Osteopathy , Hamilton , ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Bozek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences at Canadian Academy of Osteopathy , Hamilton , ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences at Canadian Academy of Osteopathy , Hamilton , ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences at Canadian Academy of Osteopathy , Hamilton , ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences at Canadian Academy of Osteopathy , Hamilton , ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_001_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reid, KJ, Harker, J, Bala, MM, Truyers, C, Kellen, E, Bekkering, GE, et al.. Epidemiology of chronic non-cancer pain in Europe: narrative review of prevalence, pain treatments and pain impact. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:449\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1185\/03007995.2.","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.545813"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_002_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blyth, FM, Briggs, AM, Schneider, CH, Hoy, DG, March, LM. The global burden of musculoskeletal pain-where to from here? Am J Publ Health 2019;109:35\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304747.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304747"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_003_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schopflocher, D, Taenzer, P, Jovey, R. The prevalence of chronic pain in Canada. Pain Res Manag 2011;16:445\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/876306.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/876306"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_004_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlhamer, J, Lucas, J, Zelaya, C, Nahin, R, Mackey, S, Debar, L, et al.. Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults \u2013 United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:1001\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_005_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turk, DC, Wilson, HD, Cahana, A. Treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Lancet 2011;377:2226\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60402-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60402-9"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_006_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogduk, N. Management of chronic low back pain. Med J Aust 2004;180:79\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05805.x.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05805.x"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_007_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","unstructured":"Giusti, R. Glossary of osteopathy terminology. 3rd ed. USA: AACOM; 2017."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_008_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fawkes, CA, Leach, CMJ, Mathias, S, Moore, AP. A profile of osteopathic care in private practices in the United Kingdom: a national pilot using standardised data collection. Man Ther 2014;19:125\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2013.09.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2013.09.001"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_009_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke, SR, Myers, R, Zhang, AL. A profile of osteopathic practice in Australia 2010-2011: a cross sectional survey. BMC Muscoskel Disord 2013;14:227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-14-227.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-227"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_010_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carnes, D, Mars, TS, Mullinger, B, Froud, R, Underwood, M. Adverse events and manual therapy: a systematic review. Man Ther 2010;15:355\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2009.12.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2009.12.006"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_011_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licciardone, JC, Schultz, MJ, Amen, B. Osteopathic manipulation in the management of chronic pain: current perspectives. J Pain Res 2020;13:1839\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S183170.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S183170"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_012_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saracutu, M, Rance, J, Davies, H, Edwards, DJ. The effects of osteopathic treatment on psychosocial factors in people with persistent pain: a systematic review. Int J Osteopath Med 2018;27:23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijosm.2017.10.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2017.10.005"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_013_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busse, JW, Craigie, S, Juurlink, DN, Buckley, Norman, Wang, Li, Couban, Rachel, et al.. Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain. Can Med Assoc J 2017;189:E659\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.170363.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170363"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_014_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steel, A, Peng, W, Sibbritt, D, Adams, J. Introducing national osteopathy practice-based research networks in Australia and New Zealand: an overview to inform future osteopathic research. Sci Rep 2020;10:846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-57918-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57918-7"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_015_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carnes, D, Mullinger, B, Underwood, M. Defining adverse events in manual therapies: a modified Delphi consensus study. Man Ther 2010;15:2\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2009.02.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2009.02.003"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_016_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlesso, LC, Cairney, J, Dolovich, L, Hoogenes, J. Defining adverse events in manual therapy: an exploratory qualitative analysis of the patient perspective. Man Ther 2011;16:440\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.math.2011.02.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.02.001"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_017_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntosh, HM, Woolacott, NF, Bagnall, AM. Assessing harmful effects in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2004;4:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-4-19.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-4-19"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_018_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ernst, E, Pittler, MH. Assessment of therapeutic safety in systematic reviews: literature review. BMJ 2001;323:546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.323.7312.546.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7312.546"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_019_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorzela, L, Golder, S, Liu, Y, Pilkington, K, Hartling, L, Joffe, A, et al.. Quality of reporting in systematic reviews of adverse events: systematic review. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 2014;348:f7668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.f7668.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7668"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_020_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c20Aa","unstructured":"Julian, PTH, Sally, G. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Chichester, West Sussex, Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2008."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_021_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmucker, CM, Bl\u00fcmle, A, Schell, LK, Schwarzer, G, Oeller, P, Cabrera, L, et al.. Systematic review finds that study data not published in full text articles have unclear impact on meta-analyses results in medical research. PloS One 2017;12:e0176210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176210.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176210"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_022_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, Y, Ferguson, H, Blair, J, Bozek, A, Allison, A, Johnston, R. The effectiveness of osteopathic manual treatment in the reduction of pain severity, functional improvement and return to work in chronic non-cancer pain patients: meta-analysis and systematic review. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2020;120:888\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2020.128. 32946545.","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2020.128"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_023_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c23Aa","unstructured":"Licciardone, JC, Herron, KM. Characteristics, satisfaction, and perceptions of patients receiving ambulatory healthcare from osteopathic physicians: a comparative national survey. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2001;101:374\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2001.101.7.374."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_024_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, J, Sibbritt, D, Steel, A, Peng, W. A workforce survey of Australian osteopathy: analysis of a nationally-representative sample of osteopaths from the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project. BMC Health Serv Res 2018;18:352\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3158-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3158-y"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_025_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez Bustins, G, L\u00f3pez Plaza, P-V, Carvajal, SR. Profile of osteopathic practice in Spain: results from a standardized data collection study. BMC Compl Alternative Med 2018;18:129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-018-2190-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2190-0"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_026_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degenhardt, BF, Johnson, JC, Brooks, WJ, Norman, L. Characterizing adverse events reported immediately after osteopathic manipulative treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2018;118:141\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2018.033.","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2018.033"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_027_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberati, A, Altman, DG, Tetzlaff, J, Mulrow, C, G\u00f8tzsche, P, Ioannidis, J, et al.. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 2009;339:b2700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2700.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_028_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c28Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, RA, Derry, S, Wiffen, PJ. Challenges in design and interpretation of chronic pain trials. Br J Anaesth 2013;111:38\u201345.","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet126"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_029_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licciardone, JC, Brimhall, AK, King, LN. Osteopathic manipulative treatment for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Muscoskel Disord 2005;6:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-6-43.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-6-43"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_030_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c30Aa","unstructured":"Roose, SP. Tolerability and patient compliance. J Clin Psychiatr 1999;60(17 Suppl):14\u20137; discussion 46\u20138."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_031_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c31Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluetz, PG, Chingos, DT, Basch, EM, Mitchell, SA. Patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical trials: measuring symptomatic adverse events with the national cancer institute\u2019s patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE). Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016;35:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/edbk_159514.","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_159514"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_032_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, TM, Ryan, SJ, Bennett, AV, Stover, A, Saracino, R, Rogak, L, et al.. The association between clinician-based common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO): a systematic review. Support Care Canc 2016;24:3669\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-016-3297-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3297-9"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_033_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Espinoza, H, Araya-Quintanilla, F, Cereceda-Muriel, C, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno, C, Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno, V, Cavero-Redondo, I. Effect of supervised physiotherapy versus home exercise program in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2020;41:34\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.11.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.11.003"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_034_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albers, J, Jakel, A, Wellmann, K, von Hehn, U, Schmidt, T. Effectiveness of 2 osteopathic treatment approaches on pain, pressure-pain threshold, and disease severity in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Med Res 2018;25:122\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000464343.","DOI":"10.1159\/000464343"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_035_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licciardone, JC, Stoll, ST, Fulda, KG, Russo, D, Winn, W, Swift, J. Osteopathic manipulative treatment for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine 2003;28:1355\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.Brs.0000067110.61471.7d.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000067110.61471.7D"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_036_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkins, D, Best, D, Briss, PA, Eccles, M, Dalck-Ytter, Y, Flottorp, S, et al.. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ (Clinical Res Ed) 2004;328:1490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_037_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c37Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balshem, H, Helfand, M, Sch\u00fcnemann, HJ, et al.. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:401\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_038_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c38Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyatt, GH, Oxman, AD, Kunz, R, Vist, GE, Falck-Ytter, Y, Sch\u00fcnemann, HJ. What is \u201cquality of evidence\u201d and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ 2008;336:995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_039_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyatt, GH, Oxman, AD, Vist, GE, Kunz, R, Falck-Ytter, Y, Alonso-Coello, P, et al.. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336:924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_040_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c40Aa","unstructured":"Higgins, JPT, Altman, DG, JAC, S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions; [Chapter 8]: assessing risk of bias in included studies. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_041_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton, AK, Tillotson, K, Cleary, J. Single-blind randomised controlled trial of chemonucleolysis and manipulation in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation. Eur Spine J: Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deformity Soc Eur Section Cervical Spine Res Soc 2000;9:202\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s005869900113.","DOI":"10.1007\/s005869900113"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_042_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c42Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altinbilek, T, Murat, S, Yumusakhuylu, Y, Icagasioglu, A. Osteopathic manipulative treatment improves function and relieves pain in knee osteoarthritis: a single-blind, randomized-controlled trial. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2018;64:114\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2018.1384.","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2018.1384"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_043_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c43Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chown, M, Whittamore, L, Rush, M, Allan, S, Stott, D, Archer, M. A prospective study of patients with chronic back pain randomised to group exercise, physiotherapy or osteopathy. Physiotherapy 2008;94:21\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2007.04.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2007.04.014"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_044_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c44Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licciardone, JC, Minotti, DE, Gatchel, RJ, Kearns, CM, Singh, KP. Osteopathic manual treatment and ultrasound therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med 2013;11:122\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.1468.","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1468"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_045_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c45Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marske, C, Bernard, N, Palacios, A, Wheeler, C, Preiss, B, Brown, M, et al.. Fibromyalgia with gabapentin and osteopathic manipulative medicine: a pilot study. J Alternative Compl Med 2018;24:395\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/acm.2017.0178.","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2017.0178"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_046_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c46Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marti-Salvador, M, Hidalgo-Moreno, L, Domenech-Fernandez, J, Lison, JF, Arguisuelas, MD. Osteopathic manipulative treatment including specific diaphragm techniques improves pain and disability in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018;99:1720\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.04.022"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_047_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c47Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papa, L, Mandara, A, Bottali, M, Gulisano, V, Orfei, S. A randomised control trial on the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment in reducing pain and improving the quality of life in elderly patients affected by osteoporosis. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metabol: Off J Ital Soc Osteoporos Miner Metabol Skeletal Dis 2012;9:179\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eujim.2012.07.536.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2012.07.536"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_048_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c48Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwerla, F, Bischoff, A, Nurnberger, A, Genter, P, Guillaume, JP, Resch, KL. Osteopathic treatment of patients with chronic non-specific neck pain: a randomised controlled trial of efficacy. Forsch Komplementmed 2008;15:138\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000132397.","DOI":"10.1159\/000132397"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_049_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c49Aa","unstructured":"Knebl, J, Shores, J, Gamber, R, Gray, W, Herron, K. Improving functional ability in the elderly via the Spencer technique, an osteopathic manipulative treatment: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2002;102:387\u201396."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_050_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c50Aa","unstructured":"Vogel, T, Keeping, S, Barton, T, Marlin, N, Froud, R, Eldridge, S, et al.. Clinical risk osteopathy and management scientific report. London: The CROaM Study; 2013."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_051_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c51Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkman, BL, Chen, G. Maximizing your data or data slicing? Recommendations for managing multiple submissions from the same dataset. Manag Organ Rev 2011;7:433\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1740-8784.2011.00228.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8784.2011.00228.x"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_052_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c52Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fine, MA, Kurdek, LA. Publishing multiple journal articles from a single data set: issues and recommendations. J Fam Psychol 1994;8:371\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.8.4.371.","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.8.4.371"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_053_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c53Aa","unstructured":"Mitchell, PH. Chapter 1, defining patient safety and quality care. In: Hughes, RG, editor. Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008."},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_054_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c54Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steel, A, Blaich, R, Sundberg, T, Adams, J. The role of osteopathy in clinical care: broadening the evidence-base. Int J Osteopath Med 2017;24:32\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijosm.2017.02.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2017.02.002"},{"key":"2023040101100666000_j_jom-2020-0240_ref_055_w2aab3b7c54b1b6b1ab2b1c55Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carnes, D. What can osteopaths learn from concerns and complaints raised against them? A review of insurance and regulator reports. Int J Osteopath Med 2016;22:3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijosm.2016.07.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2016.07.002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Osteopathic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jom-2020-0240\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jom-2020-0240\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T18:39:08Z","timestamp":1680374348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jom-2020-0240\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jom-2020-0240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jom-2020-0240","relation":{},"ISSN":["2702-3648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2702-3648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}}}