{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T05:18:56Z","timestamp":1740028736606,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Context<\/jats:title>\n Runners often experience acute\/chronic pain due to pre-existing structural somatic dysfunction and\/or acquired various overuse injuries of the lower extremity, specifically affecting the ligaments, tendons, muscles, and bones. Common structural and function dysfunctions include but are not limited to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), Achilles tendonitis, iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), ligamentous and muscle tears, muscle sprains\/strains, stress fractures, pes planus, plantar fasciitis, and shin splints.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between acute and chronic pain, overuse injuries, and observational and palpatory findings upon evaluation to establish common trends of somatic dysfunctions and determine possible etiology of the pain\/injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 103 individuals were recruited (54.4% female, 45.6% male) aged 23\u201367 years old who consistently run at least 1 mile each week. They were categorized based on their weekly mileage\u00a0\u2013 Novice (1\u20135 miles per week), Moderate (6\u201315), Advanced (15+)\u00a0\u2013 with the intention to have a diversity of running types and to assess the data at various levels of commitment to running. The average was 7.8 miles\/week with the range at 1 to 28 miles per week. The subjects included Touro students and individuals in the community. A history was collected through an anonymous survey on the individual\u2019s running habits, chronic\/acute injuries, and any other relevant medical information. Data analyzing investigators were blinded to subjects\u2019 identifying information. Additionally, an osteopathic assessment was performed by two student investigators for reliability purposes and conducted under supervision by a board-certified osteopathic physician.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Analysis of the data suggested an existing correlation between the number of somatic dysfunctions and years of running. A slight correlation was found between somatic dysfunctions and miles per week, sports injuries, time per week, and lower extremity pain. Finally, statistical correlations were also identified between the presence of pes planus and limb length discrepancy with three distinct muscular hypertonicities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Runners\u2019 pains and injuries of the lower extremity are complex, and injury treatment and prevention is equally multifaceted. An association was found between both pes planus and limb length discrepancy with lower extremity muscle hypertonicity, suggesting the interrelated nature of these somatic dysfunctions. The survey concluded that many runners continue to run in pain and\/or after significant injury but do not necessarily capitalize on existing support such as fitted shoes, custom arches, and osteopathic treatment that may help to minimize their risk of or treat injury. The intention of the research is to bring awareness to practitioners to the most common somatic dysfunctions such that they can recommend runners to obtain gait analyses and\/or osteopathic treatments, which may not only alleviate injuries faster but also prevent future injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2024-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T05:27:42Z","timestamp":1733376462000},"page":"135-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An osteopathic assessment of lower extremity somatic dysfunctions in runners"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Abbey","family":"Santanello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Volokitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Matthew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Modica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"McKellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krisha","family":"Thakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mollie","family":"Schear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Nagler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"616320 Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021918543877764_j_jom-2024-0006_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Mechelen, W. Running injuries: a review of the epidemiological literature. Sports Med 1992;14:320\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199214050-00004.","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214050-00004"},{"key":"2025021918543877764_j_jom-2024-0006_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilke, J, Vleeming, A, Wearing, S. Overuse injury: the result of pathologically altered myofascial force transmission? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2019;47:230\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JES.0000000000000205.","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000205"},{"key":"2025021918543877764_j_jom-2024-0006_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birhanu, A, Nagarchi, K, Getahun, F, Gebremichael, MA, Wondmagegn, H. Magnitude of flat foot and its associated factors among school-aged children in Southern Ethiopia: an institution -based cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023;24:966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-023-07082-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-07082-6"},{"key":"2025021918543877764_j_jom-2024-0006_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mei-Dan, O, Kahn, G, Zeev, A, Rubin, A, Constantini, N, Even, A, et al.. The medial longitudinal arch as a possible risk factor for ankle sprains: a prospective study in 83 female infantry recruits. Foot Ankle Int 2005;26:180\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110070502600211.","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600211"},{"key":"2025021918543877764_j_jom-2024-0006_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico, M, Kinel, E, Roncoletta, P. Leg length discrepancy and nonspecific low back pain: 3-d stereophotogrammetric quantitative posture evaluation confirms positive effects of customized heel-lift orthotics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022;9:743132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.743132.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.743132"},{"key":"2025021918543877764_j_jom-2024-0006_ref_006","unstructured":"Seffinger, MA, editor. Foundations of osteopathic medicine, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2018."}],"container-title":["Journal of Osteopathic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jom-2024-0006\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jom-2024-0006\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T18:54:47Z","timestamp":1739991287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jom-2024-0006\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jom-2024-0006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jom-2024-0006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2702-3648"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2702-3648"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]}}}