{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:11:14Z","timestamp":1784131874887,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2024-0229_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quality mentorship for medical students and resident physicians throughout their medical education has been shown to be beneficial in supporting students in their academic and professional endeavors. There is no standardized approach for providing mentorship across institutions, and many students feel that they do not receive adequate mentorship. There is a paucity of literature about osteopathic mentorship, which is important to address due to the unique set of challenges faced by osteopathic medical students and residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2024-0229_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to evaluate the quality and availability of osteopathic mentorship in medical education and to identify areas of improvement and barriers for implementing structured mentorship programs across institutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2024-0229_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of PubMed and ClinicalKey was conducted to explore current practices for mentorship within the training world of medicine, focusing on osteopathic mentorship throughout medical school and residency training. Recommendations for improving mentorship and developing standardized approaches were derived.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2024-0229_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mentorship was strongly associated with improved specialty choice and residency match outcomes. Students prioritized honest feedback (75.4\u202f%), responsiveness (70.8\u202f%), and networking (60.8\u202f%). Structured mentorship programs demonstrated high effectiveness, including a 100\u202f% categorical surgery match rate in one cohort and significant perceived benefit (p&lt;0.05). Osteopathic students reported limited mentorship (59.0\u202f%) and significantly greater degree-based bias than allopathic peers (73.7\u202f% vs. 16.0\u202f%; p=0.001), with fewer research and mentorship opportunities. Targeted mentorship initiatives increased specialty interest (odds ratio [OR]=1.43; p=0.003) and improved match outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2024-0229_abs_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mentorship has been demonstrated to be beneficial in medicine for both medical students and residents. Mentorship is very valuable to help osteopathic medical students match competitive specialties for residency and to maximize their potential. Residents at training programs with established and well-structured mentorship programs demonstrated greater satisfaction and success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2024-0229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:55:53Z","timestamp":1784130953000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The importance of osteopathic mentorship during medical school, residency, and beyond for surgical subspecialties: review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Klea","family":"Agollari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Orthopaedic Institute , Huntington , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Modica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Orthopaedic Institute , Huntington , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bitterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Physician Partners, Orthopaedic Institute at Huntington , Huntington , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modica, A, Ranson, R, Williamson, T, Ponce, BA, Cohn, RM, Bitterman, AD. Osteopathic students have decreased match rates in orthopaedic surgery compared with allopathic students. JB JS Open Access 2024;9:e24:00027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.OA.24.00027.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.24.00027"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatnagar, V, Diaz, S, Bucur, PA. The need for more mentorship in medical school. Cureus 2020;12:e7984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.7984.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7984"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooke, KJ, Patt, DA, Prabhu, RS. The road of mentorship. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017;37:788\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/EDBK_175193.","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_175193"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minor, S, Bonnin, R. What do medical students want from a mentor?. PRiMER 2022;6:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22454\/PRiMER.2022.552177.","DOI":"10.22454\/PRiMER.2022.552177"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brazdzionis, J, Savla, P, Oppenheim, R, Kim, GJ, Conrad-Schnetz, K, Burns, B, et al.. Comparison of osteopathic (DO) and allopathic (MD) candidates matching into selected surgical subspecialties. Cureus 2023;15:e40566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.40566.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40566"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etheart, I, Krise, SM, Burns, JB, Conrad-Schnetz, K. The effect of single accreditation on medical student match rates in surgical specialties. Cureus 2021;13:e14301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.14301.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14301"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_017","unstructured":"National resident matching program\u00ae releases the 2025 main residency match\u00ae results, celebrates the next generation of Physicians. NRMP. (2025, October 1). Available from: https:\/\/www.nrmp.org\/about\/news\/2025\/03\/national-resident-matching-program-releases-the-2025-main-residency-match-results-celebrates-the-next-generation-of-physicians\/#:\u223c:text=There%20were%208%2C392%20active%20Osteopathic,3.5%20percentage%20points%20since%202021."},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_018","unstructured":"2025 Osteopathic medical profession report. (n.d.). Available from: https:\/\/osteopathic.org\/index.php?aam-media=%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025-OMP-Report.pdf."},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, PB, Henry, JP, Partan, MJ, Choy, K, Hogge, CA, Katsigiorgis, G, et al.. Differences in fourth-year orthopaedic away rotation opportunities and fees among osteopathic and allopathic medical students 1\u00a0year after the implementation of the single accreditation system. JB JS Open Access 2022;7:e22:00057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.OA.22.00057.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.22.00057"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modica, A, Kazimierczak, A, Klein, BJ, White, PB, Bitterman, AD, Cohn, RM. Revisiting differences in fourth-year orthopaedic away rotation opportunities and fees among allopathic and osteopathic medical students. JB JS Open Access 2024;9:e24:00041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.OA.24.00041.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.24.00041"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tvedten, EJ, Turnbull, JP, Guo, W, Motaparthi, K. Attitudes toward allopathic and osteopathic candidates in the dermatologic residency application process. Clin Dermatol 2023;41:178\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2022.10.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2022.10.002"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamby, T, Bowman, WP, Wilson, DP, Basha, R. Mentors\u2019 experiences in an osteopathic medical student research program. J\u00a0Osteopath Med 2021;121:385\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jom-2020-0251.","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2020-0251"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casey, T, Brennan, Z, Pereira, K, Young, G, Paluri, SN, Gudakunst, C. An assessment of surgery core rotation quality at osteopathic medical schools. J\u00a0Osteopath Med 2023;124:61\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jom-2022-0165.","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2022-0165"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stobart-Gallagher, M, O\u2019Connell, A. Preparing osteopathic students for the single graduate medical education accreditation system: evaluating factors for match success in emergency medicine. West J Emerg Med 2018;19:820\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2018.6.37922.","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.6.37922"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs, BN, Boniakowski, AE, Osborne, NH, Coleman, DM. Effect of mentoring on match rank of integrated vascular surgery residents. Ann Vasc Surg 2020;64:285\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2019.03.033.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2019.03.033"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dogbey, GY, Collins, K, Russ, R, Brannan, GD, Mivsek, M, Sewell, S. Factors associated with osteopathic primary care residency choice decisions. J\u00a0Am Osteopath Assoc 2018;118:225\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2018.046.","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2018.046"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deivasigamani, S, Jimenez, D, Grenda, T, Tholey, RM. Implementation of a structured surgery mentorship program and success in the surgical residency match. J\u00a0Surg Res 2022;279:97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2022.06.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.06.001"},{"key":"2026071515554965436_j_jom-2024-0229_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reghunathan, M, Llaneras, J, Segal, R, Gosman, A. The west coast plastic surgery mentorship program: successes, failures, and future growth. 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