{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:43:43Z","timestamp":1783151023094,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0081_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study assessed participants adherence rate and the effect size needed to determine the sample size for a full-scale study evaluating the effectiveness of forward head posture (FHP) correction on temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and symptoms. Moreover, the potential impact of adding FHP correction to a standard conservative protocol for treatment of TMD severity, pain, and pain-free mouth opening range is explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0081_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objective was to investigate the additional effect of FHP correction by a cervical extension traction (CET) orthotic on myogenic TMD symptoms of pain and function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0081_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 21 participants (19 females) were enrolled and completed the study. The participants\u2019 mean age was 21.99\u00b12.06 years, body mass index (BMI) 22.92\u00b14.27\u202fkg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . A randomized clinical trial was conducted with participants who were randomly divided into two groups: 1) an experimental group with 10 participants receiving a FHP CET orthotic and a conservative TMD protocol; and 2) a control group with 11 participants receiving the conservative TMD protocol and a placebo CET device utilizing a standard pillow. Outcome assessments included: TMD severity with Fonseca\u2019s questionnaire, numerical rating scale for pain intensity, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) to measure FHP. Assessments were performed at three time points (baseline, 3rd week, 6th week), and three treatment sessions per week for six consecutive weeks were administered.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0081_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups achieved a high adherence rate to the study protocol (\u226590\u202f%). Within-group analysis for both groups, across the three time points, identified significant differences utilizing Friedman\u2019s test (p&lt;0.001) between measures for orofacial pain, TMD severity, MMO, and CVA. Between-group comparison identified no difference at the follow-up assessments for orofacial pain or MMO measures (p&gt;0.05). The Mann-Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test for between-group comparisons identified a statistically significant difference in CVA at week 3 (p=0.01) and at the 6th week (p&lt;0.001) favoring the experimental group. For the TMD severity score, no difference was found at week 3 (p=0.11) but there was a significant difference between groups at week 6 (p=0.02) favoring the experimental group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0081_abs_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These preliminary findings suggest that adding FHP correction through the application of a CET orthotic might offer short-term selected benefits for chronic TMD symptoms, which would need to be confirmed in a full-scale trial. High adherence rates were found with a moderate effect size that provided data indicating that at least 38 participants would be required for a full-scale study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2025-0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T11:29:53Z","timestamp":1758108593000},"page":"221-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does forward head posture correction improve temporomandibular joint dysfunction? A pilot randomized trial using a cervical extension traction orthotic"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Shima A. Mohammad","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy , College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS\u00a0\u2013 Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Shousha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy , College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS\u00a0\u2013 Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt"},{"name":"University of Sharjah Center of Excellence for Healthy Aging , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Sustainability Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy , College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS\u00a0\u2013 Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Khowailed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy , College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deed E.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Research, CBP NonProfit, Inc. , Eagle , ID , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042613172096635_j_jom-2025-0081_ref_001","unstructured":"Ali, KFM, Fatima, A, Ilyas, F, Ali Khan, MW, Abbassi, ZA. 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