{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T17:02:56Z","timestamp":1784480576032,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0184_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) encompasses a wide range of diagnostic and treatment techniques for many conditions, but few studies have evaluated OMT use on injured patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0184_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to describe the use of OMT on injured patients from a nationwide sample of emergency department (ED) encounters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0184_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective analysis of the 2018\u20132022 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) datasets. We included all ED encounters with an injury diagnosis as well as an osteopathic diagnosis or treatment, including International Classification of Diseases\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Tenth Revision (ICD-10) Clinical Modification (CM) codes M9900-M9909, ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (PCS) codes 7W00X07-7W09X9Z, and Current Procedural Terminology\/Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (CPT\/HCPCS) codes 98925-98929. We calculated the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the predicted probability of injury-related in-hospital mortality for each encounter utilizing the ROCmax method. Except for counts, all statistics at the encounter level are weighted to account for the complex survey design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0184_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 29,966,447 ED encounters with an injury diagnosis within the study period, we identified 1,686 with at least one osteopathic diagnosis or treatment code, 6.0 per 100k injury encounters (95\u202f% confidence interval [CI] 4.2 to 8.2). A minority of encounters (574 [35.5\u202f%]) were at level 1 or 2 trauma centers. Although 677 (39.7\u202f%) were admitted, the median ISS was only 1 (interquartile range [IQR 1, 4]), and only 62 (2.9\u202f%) had computed tomography (CT) orders. The predicted probability of injury-related mortality was low, 1.5\u202f% (IQR 1.3, 2.0). Most encounters had a somatic dysfunction diagnosis without an osteopathic treatment code, 1,239 (75.9\u202f%). The most common site of injury, as well as the body area with somatic dysfunction diagnosis and osteopathic treatment, was the thorax.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jom-2025-0184_abs_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this nationwide sample, few injured ED patients received OMT, the majority only received a somatic dysfunction diagnosis without osteopathic treatment, and most had minor injuries. These results offer real-world insights into the use of OMT among injured ED patients and may inform efforts to promote its adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2025-0184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:57:29Z","timestamp":1768813049000},"page":"367-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Osteopathic manipulative medicine among injured emergency department patients: a nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine , Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University , Lillington , NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviya","family":"DiStefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine , Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University , Lillington , NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin M.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine , Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University , Lillington , NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhimitri A.","family":"Nikolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Physician , US Acute Care Solutions , Canton , OH , USA"},{"name":"Research Director and Core Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine , 6596 Allegheny Health Network , Erie , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zipp, CR, Semlitsch, T, T\u00f6gel, G, Krenn, C, Loder, C, Jeitler, K, et al.. An overview of systematic reviews on the efficacy and safety of osteopathic techniques. J\u00a0Bodyw Mov Ther 2025;42:1186\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2025.03.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2025.03.018"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelletier, J, Capistrant, T, Nordt, SP. Osteopathic manipulation and its applicability in the emergency department: a narrative review. Am J Emerg Med 2024;84:74\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.07.050.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.07.050"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ault, B, Levy, D. Osteopathic manipulative treatment use in the emergency department: a retrospective medical record review. J\u00a0Am Osteopath Assoc 2015;115:132\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2015.026.","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2015.026"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Distefano, A, Harris, H, Bowers, KM, Nikolla, DA. The epidemiology of osteopathic diagnoses and treatments in United\u00a0States emergency departments from 2018 to 2021. J\u00a0Osteopath Med 2025;125:449\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jom-2024-0261.","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2024-0261"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruser, d A, Maurer, D, Hensel, K, Brown, SK, White, K, Stoll, ST. A randomized, controlled trial of osteopathic manipulative treatment for acute low back pain in active duty military personnel. J\u00a0Man Manip Ther 2012;20:5\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2042618611y.0000000016.","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618611Y.0000000016"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_006","unstructured":"Eisenhart, AW, Gaeta, TJ, Yens, DP. Osteopathic manipulative treatment in the emergency department for patients with acute ankle injuries. J\u00a0Am Osteopath Assoc 2003;103:417\u201321."},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Task Force on the Low Back Pain Clinical Practice Guidelines. American Osteopathic Association guidelines for osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for patients with low back pain. J\u00a0Am Osteopath Assoc 2016;116:536\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2016.107.","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2016.107"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franke, H, Franke, JD, Fryer, G. Osteopathic manipulative treatment for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Muscoskelet Disord 2014;15:286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-15-286.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-286"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busse, JW, Sadeghirad, B, Oparin, Y, Chen, E, Goshua, A, May, C, et al.. Management of acute pain from non-low back, musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:730\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m19-3601.","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3601"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_010","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2024. www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nedsoverview.jsp [Accessed 3 Jul 2024]."},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_011","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Introduction to the HCUP nationwide emergency department sample (NEDS) 2021. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2024:55 p. 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Introduction to the HCUP nationwide emergency department sample (NEDS) 2018. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2020. Updated Nov 2020. https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/nation\/neds\/NEDS2018Introduction.pdf [Accessed 3 Jul 2024]."},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_015","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Introduction to the HCUP nationwide emergency department sample (NEDS) 2022. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2024:55 p. Updated Nov 2024. https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/nation\/neds\/NEDSIntroduction2022.pdf [Accessed 22 Jan 2025]."},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_016","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). I10_INJURY - Injury ICD-10-CM diagnosis reported on record. 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CCS for services and procedures. https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/toolssoftware\/ccs_svcsproc\/ccssvcproc.jsp#data [Accessed 27 Aug 2025]."},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, SM, Kurtz, ME. Diminished use of osteopathic manipulative treatment and its impact on the uniqueness of the osteopathic profession. Acad Med 2001;76:821\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001888-200108000-00016.","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200108000-00016"},{"key":"2026071916593278269_j_jom-2025-0184_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Healy, CJ, Brockway, MD, Wilde, BB. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) use among osteopathic physicians in the United\u00a0States. 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