{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:33:17Z","timestamp":1768559597464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON\/CEES)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Until now, a proper biomarker(s) to evaluate sarcoidosis activity has not been recognized. The aims of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the two biomarkers of sarcoidosis activity already in use (serum angiotensin converting enzyme \u2013 ACE and serum chitotriosidase) in a population of 430 sarcoidosis patients. The activities of these markers were also analyzed in a group of 264 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>Four hundred and thirty biopsy positive sarcoidosis patients were divided into groups with active and inactive disease, and groups with acute or chronic disease. In a subgroup of 55 sarcoidosis patients, activity was also assessed by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG-PET) scanning. Both serum chitotriosidase and ACE levels showed non-normal distribution, so nonparametric tests were used in statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Serum chitotriosidase activities were almost 6 times higher in patients with active sarcoidosis than in healthy controls and inactive disease. A serum chitotriosidase value of 100 nmol\/mL\/h had the sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 70.0%. A serum ACE activity cutoff value of 32.0 U\/L had the sensitivity of 66.0% and the specificity of 54%. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between the focal granulomatous activity detected on<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET\/CT and serum chitotriosidase levels, but no such correlation was found with ACE. The levels of serum chitotriosidase activity significantly correlated with the disease duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001). Also, serum chitotriosidase significantly correlated with clinical outcome status (COS) categories (\u03c1=0.272,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Serum chitotriosidase proved to be a reliable biomarker of sarcoidosis activity and disease chronicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jomb-2016-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T07:51:55Z","timestamp":1470210715000},"page":"390-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Verifying Sarcoidosis Activity: Chitotriosidase Versus ACE in Sarcoidosis \u2013 A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.5937","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Spasoje","family":"Popevi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zorica","family":"\u0160umarac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Babi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihailo","family":"Stjepanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Jovi\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"\u0160obi\u0107-\u0160aranovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Filipovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Branko","family":"Gvozdenovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Om\u010dikus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An\u0111ela","family":"Milovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelica","family":"Videnovi\u0107-Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Radovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"\u017dugi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Mihailovi\u0107-Vu\u010dini\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3964","reference":[{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0770-9","article-title":"FDG PET \/ CT in sarcoidosis management : review and report of cases","volume":"18","author":"Braun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"156","article-title":"Polymorphism in the angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene and sarcoidosis","author":"Tomita","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5261.1165","article-title":"Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England","volume":"4","author":"Scadding","year":"1961","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13d04.x","article-title":"The angiotensin - converting enzyme DD gene is associated with poor prognosis in Finnish sarcoidosis patients","volume":"13","author":"Pietinalho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.08.012","article-title":"Inflammatory activity assessment by PET \/ CT in persistent symptomatic sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Mostard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.025","article-title":"den ACE corrected scores to identify normal and elevated ACE activity in sarcoidosis","volume":"101","author":"Kruit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970333","article-title":"Pulmonary Sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Lynch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.2.344","article-title":"Ch Serum Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme in Healthy and Sarcoidotic Children : Comparison with the Reference Interval for Adults","volume":"36","author":"Beneteau","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"350","article-title":"Interopulation effect of ACE I D polymorphism on serum concentrations of ACE in diagnosis of sarcoidosis","author":"Csaszar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref311","first-page":"183","article-title":"Serum chitotriosidase activity as a biomarker of pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"31","author":"Go\u0142ab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol Merkur Lekarski"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(86)90038-6","article-title":"Pulmonary sarcoidosis : radiographic features","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"142","article-title":"Serum angiotensin - converting enzyme as an indicator of total body granuloma load and prognosis in sarcoidosis","volume":"4","author":"Muthuswamy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"164","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis","author":"Baughman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"22","article-title":"Serum markers for the staging of disease activity of sarcoidosis and other interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology Vasc Diffuse","volume":"15","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-007-0363-0","article-title":"Chitotriosidase as a marker of disease activity in sarcoidosis","volume":"27","author":"Brunner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.4.471","article-title":"Markers of sarcoidosis activity","volume":"90","author":"Sharma","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"18","article-title":"Plasma chitotriosidase and CCL as surrogate markers for granulomatous macrophages in sarcoidosis","volume":"31","author":"Boot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000134009","article-title":"Human Chitotriosidase : A Potential New Marker of Sarcoidosis Severity","volume":"76","author":"Bargagli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"332","article-title":"The specificity and sensitivity of serum angiotensin - converting enzyme in sarcoidosis and other diseases In editors Paris : Pergamon Press","author":"Studdy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2011.05.016","article-title":"Biomarkers in Serbian patients with Gaucher disease","volume":"44","author":"\u0160umarac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510410004092","article-title":"Serum levels of chitotriosidase as a marker of disease activity and clinical stage in sarcoidosis","volume":"64","author":"Grosso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2014-0010","article-title":"Increased Chitotriosidase Activities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Possible Novel Marker","volume":"33","author":"Basok","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2013-0035","article-title":"Molecular genetic markers as a basis for personalized medicine","volume":"33","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117084","article-title":"Marked elevation of plasma chitotriosidase activity","volume":"93","author":"Hollak","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9754-4","article-title":"Human Chitotriosidase : a Sensitive Biomarker of Sarcoidosis","volume":"33","author":"Bargagli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.12.903","article-title":"Corticosteroid treatment in pulmonary sarcoidosis : do serial lavage lymphocyte counts , serum angiotensin - converting enzyme measurements and gallium - scans help management","volume":"41","author":"Turner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.05.008","article-title":"Chitotriosidase activity in patients with interstitial lung diseases","volume":"101","author":"Bargaglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"183","article-title":"A Concise Review of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis","author":"Baughman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2014-0045","article-title":"Curious cases of the enzymes","volume":"34","author":"Ulusu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"18","article-title":"The Utility of FDG PET \/ CT for Diagnosis and Adjustment of Therapy in Patients with Active Chronic Sarcoidosis","author":"Sobic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"56","article-title":"Defining the clinical outcome status ( COS ) in sarcoidosis : results of WASOG Task Force Vasc Diffuse","volume":"28","author":"Baughman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"204","article-title":"Two year prognosis of sarcoidosis : the ACCESS experience Vasc Diffuse","volume":"20","author":"Judson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"4","article-title":"Chitotriosidase : applications and features of the enzyme","volume":"7","author":"Aerts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gaucher Clin Perspect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/jomb\/35\/4\/article-p390.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs\/data\/pdf\/1452-8258\/2016\/1452-82581604390P.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T18:17:03Z","timestamp":1600971423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scindeks.ceon.rs\/article.aspx?artid=1452-82581604390P"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jomb-2016-0017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1452-8266"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1452-8266","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}}}