{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:40:31Z","timestamp":1762508431869},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of Exubera<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (EXU) with subcutaneous (SC) insulin in children, ages 6-11 years, with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design and Methods: 121 children were randomized to receive EXU or SC insulin, plus intermediate\/ long-acting insulin for 12 weeks. Change in HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was the primary efficacy endpoint. Results: Decreases from baseline HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> were comparable between treatment groups ( difference between adjusted mean decrease from baseline [EXU - SC insulin], -0.23 [95% CI, -0.49, 0.03]). Differences between groups on pulmonary function tests were small and not significant. Mild to moderate cough occurred in 24.6% of EXU versus 6.8% of SC insulin patients. The risk for hypoglycemia was comparable between EXU and SC insulin (relative risk 0.88 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.11]). Increased insulin antibodies with EXU were not associated with clinical findings. Conclusion: The efficacy and safety profiles shown in this study are the foundation for further investigation of EXU in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2008-210610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:36:58Z","timestamp":1613781418000},"page":"555-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exu hera<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>) Compared to Subcutaneous Insulin in Children Ages 6 to 11 Years with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a 3-Month, Randomized, Parallel Trial"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Neil H.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Quattrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa B. St.","family":"Aubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Global Research and Development, New London , CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Global Research and Development, New London , CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Global Research and Development, New London , CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie S.","family":"Fryburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Global Research and Development, New London , CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2008-210610\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2008-210610\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:36:58Z","timestamp":1613781418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2008-210610\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2008-210610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2008-210610","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0251","0334-018X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}}}