{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:08:24Z","timestamp":1785157704289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11-12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryptorchidism is one of the most common birth defects in male children, and it has a potential impact on future health. It is the best-characterized risk factor for reduced fertility and testicular cancer. However, the etiology of cryptorchidism remains largely unknown. In the literature, we find different opinions and theories on this topic. Probably, the etiology is multifactorial, and hormonal, genetic and environmental factors may regulate testicular development and descent from intra-abdominal location into the bottom of the scrotum. The descent of the testis is a complex, two-stage process. A critical role in testicular descent has been attributed to androgens, insulin-like hormone 3 (insl3) and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone. It is believed that interaction between Leydig and Sertoli cells may cause impaired spermatogenesis. Based on recent knowledge of germ cell development, it is believed that the best treatment for undescended testis is orchiopexy between 6th and 12th month of life. Long follow-up studies are needed to focus on the effect of this recommendation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2015-0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T17:21:27Z","timestamp":1438276887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Putting the pieces together: cryptorchidism \u2013 do we know everything?"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Marta Diana","family":"Komarowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Hermanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Debek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref1261","article-title":"Histologic evaluation of the testicular remnant associated with the vanishing testes syndrome : is surgical management necessary","author":"Storm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"179","article-title":"KM Re The true incidence of cryptorchidism in","author":"Main","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref831","first-page":"106","article-title":"The undescended testis diagnosis treatment and long - 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