{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:22:42Z","timestamp":1761513762003},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and small for gestational age (SGA) status are associated with cardiovascular risks. We therefore, investigated antiatherogenic effects of growth hormone (GH).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Subfractions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A<\/jats:p><jats:p>The overall group showed post-treatment reductions of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.016), small-dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C, p&lt;0.001), Lp-PLA2 (p&lt;0.001), and hsCRP (p=0.005), but increase of HDL2a cholesterol (HDL2a-C, p=0.025). SGA children revealed significant correlations between Lp-PLA2 and LDL-C and sdLDL-C both before and after GH, significant reductions of sdLDL-C, Lp-PLA2, hsCRP, and an increase of HDL2a-C. GHD children showed the same lipid responses, though not significantly.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Children with GHD or born SGA may benefit from GH by growth acceleration and reduction of cardiovascular long-term risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2015-0148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T08:21:22Z","timestamp":1454660482000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Decrease of small dense LDL and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 due to human growth hormone treatment in short children with growth hormone deficiency and small for gestational age status"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Krebs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kratzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Doerfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natascha","family":"von der Werf-Grohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl Otfried","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1470-1","article-title":"Measurement of pediatric testicular volume with Prader orchidometer : comparison of different hands","volume":"21","author":"Karaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"296","article-title":"Spectrophotometric assay for serum platelet - activating factor acetylhydrolase activity","author":"Kosaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"27","article-title":"ME Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A role in atherosclerosis and utility as a biomarker or cardiovascular risk","author":"Colley","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0398","article-title":"Tracking serum lipid levels and the association of cholesterol concentrations , blood pressure and cigarette smoking with carotid artery intima - media thickness in young adults born small for gestational age","volume":"25","author":"Salonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12393","article-title":"Cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors in children with GH deficiency a prospective case - control study","author":"Capalbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"1","article-title":"High density lipoproteins - based therapies for cardiovascular disease","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Dis Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7268","article-title":"Revel Cardiac mass and function carotid intima - media thickness and lipoprotein levels in growth hormone - deficient adolescents","author":"Lanes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"4516","article-title":"Discontinuation of growth - hormone treatment metabolic effects in deficient and sufficient adolescent patients compared with control subjects","volume":"24","author":"Johannsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"53","article-title":"DM Modulation of oxidative stress inflammation and atherosclerosis by lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A","author":"Rosenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"349","article-title":"Growth hormone induces low - density lipoprotein clearance but not bile acid synthesis in humans","volume":"24","author":"Lind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"364","article-title":"de la Llera Cholesterol efflux capacity high - density lipoprotein function","author":"Khera","year":"2011","journal-title":"atherosclerosis Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"10","article-title":"dense LDL particles a predictor of coronary artery disease evaluated by invasive and CT - based techniques : a case - control study","author":"Toft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref541","first-page":"364","article-title":"de la Llera Cholesterol efflux capacity high - density lipoprotein function","author":"Khera","year":"2011","journal-title":"atherosclerosis Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"4516","article-title":"Discontinuation of growth - hormone treatment metabolic effects in deficient and sufficient adolescent patients compared with control subjects","volume":"24","author":"Johannsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7268","article-title":"Revel Cardiac mass and function carotid intima - media thickness and lipoprotein levels in growth hormone - deficient adolescents","author":"Lanes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"156","article-title":"ER Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and low - density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after short - term replacement therapy","author":"Rizzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"85","article-title":"Is birth weight a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in later life","author":"Huxley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"10","article-title":"dense LDL particles a predictor of coronary artery disease evaluated by invasive and CT - based techniques : a case - control study","author":"Toft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.009","article-title":"for the Leducq Transatlantic Network of Atherothrombosis in atherosclerosis","author":"Libby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammation J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref561","first-page":"143","article-title":"Joy Is raising HDL a futile strategy for atheroprotection","author":"Hegele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"156","article-title":"ER Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and low - density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after short - term replacement therapy","author":"Rizzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1470-1","article-title":"Measurement of pediatric testicular volume with Prader orchidometer : comparison of different hands","volume":"21","author":"Karaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.180281","article-title":"Relationship of lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A mass and activity with incident vascular events among primary prevention patients allocated to placebo or statin therapy : an analyses from the JUPITER trial","author":"Ridker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in girls","author":"Marshall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"53","article-title":"Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A predicts year cardiac mortality independently of established risk factors and adds prognostic information in patients with low and medium - high high - sensitivity reactive protein ( The Ludwigshafen Risk and","author":"Winkler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2013-0488","article-title":"Lipid patterns in treated growth hormone deficient children vs short stature controls","volume":"27","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"375","article-title":"The Lp Studies Collaboration Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A and risk of coronary disease stroke mortality collaborative analysis of prospective studies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2013-0488","article-title":"Lipid patterns in treated growth hormone deficient children vs short stature controls","volume":"27","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"375","article-title":"The Lp Studies Collaboration Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A and risk of coronary disease stroke mortality collaborative analysis of prospective studies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in girls","author":"Marshall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"220","article-title":"alone and in combination lowers the concentration of small dense low - density lipoproteins in type diabetes","author":"Winkler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0091","article-title":"Endothelial function carotid artery intima - media thickness epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular mass and function in growth hormone deficient adolescents : apparent effects of growth hormone treatment on these parameters","author":"Lanes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"143","article-title":"Joy Is raising HDL a futile strategy for atheroprotection","author":"Hegele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"53","article-title":"DM Modulation of oxidative stress inflammation and atherosclerosis by lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A","author":"Rosenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"296","article-title":"Spectrophotometric assay for serum platelet - activating factor acetylhydrolase activity","author":"Kosaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"37","article-title":"Update on early cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents affected with growth hormone definciency","author":"Capalbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"349","article-title":"Growth hormone induces low - density lipoprotein clearance but not bile acid synthesis in humans","volume":"24","author":"Lind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"220","article-title":"alone and in combination lowers the concentration of small dense low - density lipoproteins in type diabetes","author":"Winkler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"27","article-title":"ME Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A role in atherosclerosis and utility as a biomarker or cardiovascular risk","author":"Colley","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"85","article-title":"Research Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and summary statement of the GH Research","year":"2000","journal-title":"Society adolescence Society J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"109","article-title":"lipoprotein particles in suppl III III III","author":"Carmena","year":"2004","journal-title":"atherosclerosis Circulation"},{"key":"ref361","first-page":"37","article-title":"Update on early cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents affected with growth hormone definciency","author":"Capalbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0091","article-title":"Endothelial function carotid artery intima - media thickness epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular mass and function in growth hormone deficient adolescents : apparent effects of growth hormone treatment on these parameters","author":"Lanes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"1","article-title":"High density lipoproteins - based therapies for cardiovascular disease","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Dis Res"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"85","article-title":"Sas Body composition blood pressure and lipid metabolism before and during long - term growth hormone treatment in children with short starure born small for gestational age either with or without GH deficiency","author":"Mulder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"53","article-title":"Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A predicts year cardiac mortality independently of established risk factors and adds prognostic information in patients with low and medium - high high - sensitivity reactive protein ( The Ludwigshafen Risk and","author":"Winkler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0398","article-title":"Tracking serum lipid levels and the association of cholesterol concentrations , blood pressure and cigarette smoking with carotid artery intima - media thickness in young adults born small for gestational age","volume":"25","author":"Salonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"85","article-title":"Is birth weight a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in later life","author":"Huxley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12393","article-title":"Cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors in children with GH deficiency a prospective case - control study","author":"Capalbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.009","article-title":"for the Leducq Transatlantic Network of Atherothrombosis in atherosclerosis","author":"Libby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammation J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"85","article-title":"Sas Body composition blood pressure and lipid metabolism before and during long - term growth hormone treatment in children with short starure born small for gestational age either with or without GH deficiency","author":"Mulder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"85","article-title":"Research Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and summary statement of the GH Research","year":"2000","journal-title":"Society adolescence Society J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.180281","article-title":"Relationship of lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A mass and activity with incident vascular events among primary prevention patients allocated to placebo or statin therapy : an analyses from the JUPITER trial","author":"Ridker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"109","article-title":"lipoprotein particles in suppl III III III","author":"Carmena","year":"2004","journal-title":"atherosclerosis Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2015-0148\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T01:39:14Z","timestamp":1619055554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2015-0148\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2015-0148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0251","0334-018X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}}}