{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:18:45Z","timestamp":1784542725477,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea are diagnosed commonly during adolescence. Weight aberrations are associated with menstrual disorders. Autoimmune thyroiditis is frequent during adolescence. In this study, the commonest clinical and hormonal characteristics of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea during adolescence were investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, one hundred and thirty-eight consecutive young patients presenting with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea referred to an adolescent endocrinology and gynecology university clinic were studied. Clinical examination and an abdominal ultrasound were performed. Testosterone, free-testosterone, estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-OH progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), \u0394<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients with primary and secondary amenorrhea presented more often with body mass index (BMI) &lt;18.5 and BMI &gt;25 kg\/m<\/jats:p><jats:p>Among adolescent patients presenting with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea for the first time those with low and high BMI present more often with primary and secondary amenorrhea, respectively. Obesity is involved in the development of hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia, particularly in PCOS patients. In these patients, subclinical hypothyroidism may be concealed and it should be investigated. These patients should be treated for abnormally increased or decreased BMI and be investigated for autoimmune thyroiditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2015-0312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T17:22:17Z","timestamp":1461000137000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Focus on BMI and subclinical hypothyroidism in adolescent girls first examined for amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. The emerging role of polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Markella","family":"Nezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Christopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Paltoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Gryparis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilios","family":"Bakoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthimios","family":"Deligeoroglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Creatsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Mastorakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref661","first-page":"481","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: is there a relationship?","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2153","article-title":"Controversy in clinical endocrinology. 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