{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:03:45Z","timestamp":1783487025345,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of pediatric patients with Graves\u2019 disease will ultimately require definitive therapy in the form of radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation or thyroidectomy. There are few studies that directly compare the efficacy and complication rates between RAI and thyroidectomy. We compared the relapse rate as well as the acute and long-term complications of RAI and total thyroidectomy among children and adolescents with Graves\u2019 disease treated at our center.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Medical records from 81 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Graves\u2019 disease who received definitive therapy over a 12-year period were reviewed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Fifty one patients received RAI and 30 patients underwent thyroidectomy. The relapse rate was not significantly different between RAI and thyroidectomy (12.1% vs. 0.0%, p=0.28). There were no acute or long-term complications in the RAI group, but there were eight cases of hypoparathyroidism (two transient and six permanent) in the thyroidectomy group. None of the patients developed a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RAI is a safe and effective option for treatment of children and adolescents with Graves\u2019 disease. In light of the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism seen at our center with thyroidectomy and previously published long-term safety of RAI, we recommend RAI as the first line treatment for children and adolescents with Graves\u2019 disease. For those centers performing thyroidectomies, we recommend that each center select 1\u20132 high-volume pediatric surgeons to perform all thyroid procedures, allowing individuals to increases case volume and potentially decrease long-term complications of thyroidectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2015-0333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,13]],"date-time":"2015-12-13T04:13:46Z","timestamp":1449980026000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Outcomes analysis of radioactive iodine and total thyroidectomy for pediatric Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Reuven Zev","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric I.","family":"Felner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt F.","family":"Heiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Bradley","family":"Wyly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.55.4.373","article-title":"Treatment of childhood Graves disease with emphasis on radioiodine treatment","author":"Levy","year":"1988","journal-title":"review Clev Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"99","article-title":"Clinical the management of Graves disease in children with special emphasis on radioiodine treatment","author":"Rivkees","year":"1998","journal-title":"review J Clin Endocr Metab"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","article-title":"Bahn Chair and other causes of thyrotoxicosis : management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","volume":"21","author":"Burch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"37","article-title":"Radiation cancer what more can be learned","author":"Boice","year":"1998","journal-title":"thyroid Acta Oncologica"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"131","article-title":"Influence of iodine dose on the outcome of hyperthyroidism in children","volume":"4","author":"Rivkees","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"141","article-title":"AR OH Time course to hypothyroidism after fixed - 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