{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:09:59Z","timestamp":1762542599989},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment to induce puberty in boys is indicated in those who do not undergo spontaneous development at a normal age. Stimulating development of the secondary sex characteristics is possible using gradually increasing doses of testosterone esters (TEs) via intramuscular (IM) administration, which is the most widely used method of testosterone (T) supplementation. When TEs are administered as monthly injection, serum T levels exhibit large fluctuations with supraphysiologic levels seen immediately after the injection followed by a decrease into the low range. Transdermal T (TT) has also been used for replacement therapy in adult males with hypogonadism and this provides steadier serum T levels. We report three adolescent boys with delayed puberty who were treated with TT gel for pubertal induction\/continuation. This route was chosen as an alternative therapy due to their hepatic dysfunction, as is known that TT avoids the hepatic first-pass metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2016-0201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T10:01:35Z","timestamp":1482228095000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transdermal testosterone gel for induction and continuation of puberty in adolescent boys with hepatic dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Contreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Raisingani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonita","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bina","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref61","first-page":"4500","article-title":"Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men","volume":"85","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"964","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men: application of gel 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