{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1792320309642,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0124_s_999_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to identify the predictive value of basal sex hormone levels for activation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal (HPG) axis in girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0124_s_998_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation tests were performed and evaluated in a total of 1750 girls with development of secondary sex characteristics. Correlation analyses were conducted between basal sex hormones and peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels \u22655 IU\/L during the GnRH stimulation test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for basal levels of LH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH\/FSH, and estradiol (E2) before the GnRH stimulation test were plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured for each curve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0124_s_997_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximum AUC value was observed for basal LH levels (0.77, 95% CI: 0.74\u20130.79), followed by basal FSH levels (0.73, 95% CI: 0.70\u20130.75), the basal LH\/FSH ratio (0.68, 95% CI: 0.65\u20130.71), and basal E2 levels (0.61, 95% CI: 0.59\u20130.64). The appropriate cutoff value of basal LH levels associated with a positive response of the GnRH stimulation test was 0.35 IU\/L, with a sensitivity of 63.96% and specificity of 76.3% from the ROC curves when Youden\u2019s index showed the maximum value. When 100% of patients had peak LH levels \u22655 IU\/L, basal LH values were &gt;2.72 IU\/L, but the specificity was only 5.45%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0124_s_996_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased basal LH levels are a significant predictor of a positive response during the GnRH stimulation test for assessing activation of the HPG axis in most girls with early pubertal signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2017-0124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T10:48:39Z","timestamp":1519728519000},"page":"323-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of basal sex hormone levels for activation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongguo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peirong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongnian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , 1678 Dongfang Road , Shanghai 200127 , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_001_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Zhang Y, Sun W, Chen Y, Jiang Y, et al. Investigating the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMJ Open 2017;7:e014004.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014004"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_002_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resende EA, Lara BH, Reis JD, Ferreira BP, Pereira GA, et al. Assessment of basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated gonadotropins by immunochemiluminometric and immunofluorometric assays in normal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1424\u20139.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1569"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_003_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b3Aa","unstructured":"Brito VN, Batista MC, Borges MF, Latronico AC, Kohek MB, et al. Diagnostic value of fluorometric assays in the evaluation of precocious puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3539\u201344."},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_004_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges MF, Pacheco KD, Oliveira AA, Rita CV, Pacheco KD, et al. Premature thelarche: clinical and laboratorial assessment by immunochemiluminescent assay. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2008;52:93\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302008000100013"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_005_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrington J, Palmert MR, Hamilton J. Use of local data to enhance uptake of published recommendations: an example from the diagnostic evaluation of precocious puberty. Arch Dis Child 2014;99:15\u201320.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304414"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_006_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b6Aa","unstructured":"Atta I, Laghari TM, Khan YN, Lone SW, Ibrahim M, et al. Precocious puberty in children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2015;25:124\u20138."},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_007_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frisch H, Riedl S, Waldhor T. Computer-aided estimation of skeletal age and comparison with bone age evaluations by the method of Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse. Pediatr Radiol 1996;26:226\u201331.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405306"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_008_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckert KL, Wilson DM, Bachrach LK, Anhalt H, Habiby RL, et al. A single-sample, subcutaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone test for central precocious puberty. Pediatrics 1996;97:517\u20139.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.4.517"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_009_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brito VN, Latronico AC, Arnhold IJ, Mendonca BB. A single luteinizing hormone determination 2 hours after depot leuprolide is useful for therapy monitoring of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty in girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4338\u201342.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031537"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_010_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim HK, Kee SJ, Seo JY, Yang EM, Chae HJ, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for precocious puberty. Korean J Lab Med 2011;31:244\u20139.","DOI":"10.3343\/kjlm.2011.31.4.244"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_011_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 1988;44:837\u201345.","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_012_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carel JC, Leger J. Clinical practice. Precocious puberty. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2366\u201377.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0800459"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_013_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dreyfus J, Jacobs DR Jr, Mueller N, Schreiner PJ, Moran A, et al. Age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. J Pediatr 2015;167:344\u201352.e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.032"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_014_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mueller NT, Duncan BB, Barreto SM, Chor D, Bessel M, et al. Earlier age at menarche is associated with higher diabetes risk and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in Brazilian adults: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014;13:22.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-13-22"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_015_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim SW, Ahn JH, Lee JA, Kim DH, Seo JH, et al. Early menarche is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in premenopausal Korean women. Eur J Pediatr 2016;175:97\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2604-7"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_016_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neely EK, Hintz RL, Wilson DM, Lee PA, Gautier T, et al. Normal ranges for immunochemiluminometric gonadotropin assays. J Pediatr 1995;127:40\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70254-7"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_017_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c17Aa","unstructured":"Subspecialty Group of Endocrinologic, Hereditary and Metabolic Diseases, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association; Editorial Board, Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. [Consensus statement for the diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (2015)]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2015;53:412\u20138."},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_018_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iughetti L, Predieri B, Ferrari M, Gallo C, Livio L, et al. Diagnosis of central precocious puberty: endocrine assessment. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000;13(Suppl 1):709\u201315.","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.S1.709"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_019_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houk CP, Kunselman AR, Lee PA. Adequacy of a single unstimulated luteinizing hormone level to diagnose central precocious puberty in girls. Pediatrics 2009;123:e1059\u201363.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1180"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_020_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasternak Y, Friger M, Loewenthal N, Haim A, Hershkovitz E. The utility of basal serum LH in prediction of central precocious puberty in girls. Eur J Endocrinol 2012;166:295\u20139.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0720"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_021_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suh J, Choi MH, Kwon AR, Kim YJ, Jeong JW, et al. Factors that predict a positive response on gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for diagnosing central precocious puberty in girls. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013;18:202\u20137.","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2013.18.4.202"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_022_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogensen SS, Aksglaede L, Mouritsen A, Sorensen K, Main KM, et al. Diagnostic work-up of 449 consecutive girls who were referred to be evaluated for precocious puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1393\u2013401.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2745"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_023_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee HS, Park HK, Ko JH, Kim YJ, Hwang JS. Utility of basal luteinizing hormone levels for detecting central precocious puberty in girls. Horm Metab Res 2012;44:851\u20134.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321905"},{"key":"2021021317393877333_j_jpem-2017-0124_ref_024_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1ab2b2c24Aa","unstructured":"Supornsilchai V, Hiranrat P, Wacharasindhu S, Srivuthana S, Aroonparkmongkol S. Basal luteinizing hormone\/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio in diagnosis of central precocious puberty. J Med Assoc Thai 2003;86(Suppl 2):S145\u201351."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jpem.2018.31.issue-3\/jpem-2017-0124\/jpem-2017-0124.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2017-0124\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2017-0124\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T23:03:16Z","timestamp":1660518196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2017-0124\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2017-0124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2017-0124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0251","0334-018X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0251","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0334-018X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]}}}