{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T04:09:26Z","timestamp":1767499766757},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0217_s_999_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in adolescents, is a feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for NAFLD, as well as inflammation-related genetic markers. The relationship between metabolic or inflammation-related genetic markers and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is not fully understood. We examined the relationship of MetS, metabolic and inflammation-related genetic markers with elevated ALT in adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0217_s_998_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 674 adolescents participated in a cross-sectional study in Guadalajara, Mexico. Elevated ALT (&gt;40 IU\/L), a surrogate marker of NAFLD, and MetS (International Diabetes Federation definition) were evaluated. Obesity, IR, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) and genetic markers (<jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>-308G&gt;A,<jats:italic>CRP<\/jats:italic>+1444C&gt;T,<jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>IL6<\/jats:italic>-597\/-572\/-174 haplotype) were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0217_s_997_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated ALT was observed in 3% and 14.1% (total and obese, respectively) of the adolescents. Obesity (odds ratio [OR], 5.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16\u201325.89), insulin (OR, 8.51; 95% CI, 2.61\u201327.71), IR (OR, 9.10; 95% CI, 2.82\u201329.38), total cholesterol (TC) (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.25\u201310.72), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.06\u20138.33), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.27\u201311.90) and<jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic>(OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.10\u201319.53) were associated with elevated ALT. Among males, \u22652 MetS criteria were associated with elevated ALT (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.14\u201315.71).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0217_s_996_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity, insulin, IR, high TC, high LDL-C, high non-HDL-C and<jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic>polymorphism were associated with elevated ALT. Among males, \u22652 MetS criteria were associated with elevated ALT. There is an urgent need to reduce obesity and IR in adolescents to prevent NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2017-0217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T22:23:27Z","timestamp":1522189407000},"page":"407-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metabolic and genetic markers\u2019 associations with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Ram\u00edrez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolescent Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security , Av. Tonal\u00e1 121 , Tonal\u00e1, Jalisco, 45400 , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Segundo","family":"Mor\u00e1n-Villota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gastrohepatology Research , Pediatric Hospital, XXI Century Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mendoza-Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Division , Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security , Guadalajara, Jalisco , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliseo","family":"Portilla-de Buen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Division , Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security , Guadalajara, Jalisco , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Valles-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology , National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition \u201cSalvador Zubir\u00e1n\u201d , Mexico City , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xochitl H.","family":"Castro-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Division , Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security , Guadalajara, Jalisco , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Division , Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security , Guadalajara, Jalisco , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Salmer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit in Epidemiological Research, Research Center on Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine , National Autonomous University of Mexico , Mexico City , Mexico"},{"name":"Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021322312174236_j_jpem-2017-0217_ref_001_w2aab3b7c12b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angulo P, Lindor KD. 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