{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:32:20Z","timestamp":1783542740269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0280_s_999_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the fact that priming with sex steroids in prepubertal children before growth hormone (GH) provocative tests is recommended, there is an ongoing controversial discussion about the appropriate age of the children, the drug used for priming, the dose and the period between priming and the GH test. Interestingly, there is no discussion on the safety of this procedure. To date, only little data have been available on the possible side effects of priming with testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0280_s_998_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed the outcome in 188 short-statured prepubertal boys who had been primed with testosterone enanthate (n=136: 50 mg; n=51: 125 mg, and accidentally one boy with 250 mg) 7 days prior to the GH test. Serum testosterone levels were measured on the day of the GH test in 99 boys.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0280_s_997_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, only five boys developed adverse side effects. Two boys (dose 125 mg) showed severe low-flow priapism and had to undergo decompression of the corpora cavernosa. One boy suffered from self-limiting priapism and testicular pain (dose 50 mg). Two patients reported testicular pain (each dose 50 mg). The single patient with 250 mg testosterone did not show any adverse effects. The total side effect rate was 2.7%. The serum testosterone levels of the boys with side effects were not different from the testosterone levels of the boys without any side effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2017-0280_s_996_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parents and patients should be informed about the possible side effects of priming with testosterone such as priapism and testicular pain. However, the overall side effect rate is low. We found no correlation between the outcome and the testosterone dose used and\/or the level of serum testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2017-0280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,3]],"date-time":"2017-12-03T22:17:29Z","timestamp":1512339449000},"page":"21-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Short-term adverse effects of testosterone used for priming in prepubertal boys before growth hormone stimulation test"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology , Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Penger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology , Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology , Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Urology , Department of Urology , University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmuth G.","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Endocrinology , Department of Paediatrics , University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Loschgestr. 15 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_001_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","unstructured":"Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: summary statement of the GH Research Society. GH Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3990\u20133."},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_002_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimberg A, DiVall SA, Polychronakos C, Allen DB, Cohen LE, et al. Guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-i treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2016;86:361\u201397.","DOI":"10.1159\/000452150"},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_003_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","unstructured":"Binder G, Br\u00e4mswig JH, Kratzsch J, Pf\u00e4ffle R, Woelfle J. Diagnosis of growth hormone defciency in children (in German). Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2009;9:461\u20134."},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_004_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazar L, Phillip M. Is sex hormone priming in peripubertal children prior to growth hormone stimulation tests still appropriate? Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73:299\u2013302.","DOI":"10.1159\/000284396"},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_005_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chesover AD, Dattani MT. Evaluation of growth hormone stimulation testing in children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016;84:708\u201314.","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13035"},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_006_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Waal WJ, Torn M, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Aarsen RS, Drop SL. Long term sequelae of sex steroid treatment in the management of constitutionally tall stature. Arch Dis Child 1995;73:311\u20135.","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.4.311"},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_007_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","unstructured":"Drop SL, De Waal WJ, De Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Sex steroid treatment of constitutionally tall stature. Endocrine Rev 1998;19:540\u201358."},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_008_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00e4mswig JH, Schellong G, Borger HJ, Breu H. [Testosteron treatment of excessively tall boys (author\u2019s transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1981;106:1656\u201361.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1070573"},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_009_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traupe H, von Muhlendahl KE, Br\u00e4mswig J, Happle R. Acne of the fulminans type following testosterone therapy in three excessively tall boys. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:414\u20137.","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670030080027"},{"key":"2021021321315292843_j_jpem-2017-0280_ref_010_w2aab3b7c26b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannema SE, Savendahl L. The evaluation and management of tall stature. 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