{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T11:17:47Z","timestamp":1722683867981},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Although carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is an established marker of endothelial dysfunction, limited data exist on relative laboratory biomarkers in youngsters with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our aim was to study CIMT and the biomarkers of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)\/RANKL system in young T1DM patients and controls, and also in subgroups of patients with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction, such as those with overweight\/obesity, poor metabolic control or the presence of microalbuminuria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>CIMT and OPG\/RANKL of 56 T1DM children and adolescents were compared to 28 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Anthropometric, laboratory, CIMT and OPG\/RANKL measurements were similar between patients and controls. Overweight\/obese patients had greater CIMT than the normal weight ones (0.50 vs. 0.44 mm, p=0.001). Microalbuminuric patients had greater CIMT (0.49 vs. 0.44 mm, p=0.035) than the normoalbuminuric ones, with no difference in terms of OPG\/RANKL. In the microalbuminuric group, OPG (r=\u22120.90, p=0.036) and RANKL (r=\u22120.92, p=0.024) were significantly negatively associated with CIMT. Following linear regression analysis, in the total patients group, microalbuminuria was the only factor significantly associated with CIMT (beta\u00b1SE: 0.050\u00b10.021, p=0.035), body mass index (BMI)-z-scores were negatively associated with OPG (beta\u00b1SE: \u22120.25\u00b10.12, p=0.05), while in the microalbuminuric group, CIMT was negatively associated with OPG (beta\u00b1SE: \u22120.070\u00b10.019, p=0.036). During the forward stepwise procedure, microalbuminuria and age were the only variables negatively associated with RANKL (b=\u22120.334, p=0.034, b=\u221235.95, p=0.013, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In T1DM pediatric patients, overweight\/obesity and microalbuminuria were associated with greater CIMT and with impaired OPG\/RANKL levels, as biochemical indices of calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T09:03:50Z","timestamp":1540285430000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carotid intima media thickness and associations with serum osteoprotegerin and s-RANKL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"0","author":[{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Karavanaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Tsouvalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Vakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Soldatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Tsentidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kaparos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areti","family":"Augoulea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Alexandrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0399rene","family":"Lambrinoudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000059406.92165.31","article-title":"Osteo\/chondrocytic 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