{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:14:44Z","timestamp":1775272484345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0337_s_999\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d3868931e34839\">Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is insulin resistance in children with familial hyperlipidemia (FHL) and to determine the factors affecting insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0337_s_998\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d3868931e34847\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperlipidemic children aged between 4 and 18 years and followed up with an FHL diagnosis were included in the study. The children of adults followed up with an FHL diagnosis were also recruited after the screening period. The scanned children were divided into two groups as hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic. A total of 77 patients of whom 52 were hyperlipidemic and 25 were normolipidemic were assessed in the study. Insulin resistance was evaluated (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) by performing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0337_s_997\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d3868931e34855\">Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the patients, 36 were male and 41 were female; the average age was 11.6\u00b13.9 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was established to be 20.3\u00b14.4. In hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic patients, the following were determined: fasting insulin: 10.6 (\u00b10.89) \u03bcU\/mL, 4.9 (\u00b10.45) \u03bcU\/mL (p=0.000); 2-h insulin: 28.7 (\u00b112.7) \u03bcU\/mL, 18.9 (\u00b110.5) \u03bcU\/mL (p=0.000); and HOMA-IR: 1.9 (\u00b10.17), 0.86 (\u00b10.7) (p=0.000). No relationship was identified between lipid profiles and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, there was a positive correlation between insulin resistance and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels (0.52), and a negative correlation was determined in carnitine levels (\u22120.64).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2018-0337_s_996\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d3868931e34863\">Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin resistance was established to be higher in children with FHL compared to normolipidemic children. Insulin resistance was not related to lipid phenotypes, but to Apo B levels and carnitine levels. Insulin resistance should be a routine method of evaluation in the follow-up of children with FHL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T23:54:34Z","timestamp":1542326074000},"page":"1349-1354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Insulin resistance in children with familial hyperlipidemia"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Semiha","family":"Terlemez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erkin","family":"Bozdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Kalkan U\u00e7ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceyda","family":"Kabaro\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Habif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meral","family":"Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmut","family":"\u00c7oker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0202.104059","article-title":"Diagnosis of familial combined hyperlipidemia based on lipid phenotype expression in 32 families: results of a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"22","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.01.003","article-title":"Effect of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and intra-abdominal adiposity on the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus","volume":"120","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.4.567","article-title":"Relationship of insulin sensitivity and ApoB levels to intra-abdominal fat in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.CR002","article-title":"Guidance for pediatric familial hypercholesterolemia 2017","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30041-9","article-title":"Defining severe familial hypercholesterolaemia and the implications for clinical management: a consensus statement from the International Atherosclerosis Society Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia Panel","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.7.1110","article-title":"Stable isotopes show a direct relation between VLDL apo B overproduction and serum triglyceride levels and indicate a metabolically and biochemically coherent basis for familial combined hyperlipidemia","volume":"13","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.770","article-title":"Contribution of abdominal visceral obesity and insulin resistance to the cardiovascular risk profile of postmenopausal women","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"247","article-title":"L-carnitine reduces plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with hyper Lp(a)","volume":"10","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6807.893","article-title":"Risk of fatal coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia. 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