{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:52:46Z","timestamp":1788547966468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0223_s_999\">\n<jats:title id=\"d614445e46535\">Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the imaging findings of patients who underwent an abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to primary amenorrhea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0223_s_998\">\n<jats:title id=\"d614445e46543\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The pelvic and abdominal images of 34 female patients (mean age 15.61 years, range 14\u201319 years) were retrospectively analyzed by a single radiologist blinded to the clinical and laboratory data of the patients (other than primary amenorrhea) to evaluate the etiology of primary amenorrhea. The anatomy and anomalies of the internal genital organs and other accompanying abdominopelvic anomalies were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0223_s_997\">\n<jats:title id=\"d614445e46551\">Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Gonadal dysgenesis was present in 14 patients (41.17%) and M\u00fcllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) were present in 20 (58.83%) (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser [MRKH] syndrome in 13 [65%], distal vaginal obstruction [DVO] findings in five [25%], and obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly [OHVIRA] syndrome in two [10%]). Seven patients with MRKH (53.84%) were of type 1 and six (46.15%) were of type 2. A total of eight additional anomalies (vertebral and renal) were detected, six in MRKH and two in OHVIRA syndrome cases. Endometrioma and hematosalpinx were observed in one of the five patients with DVO (5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0223_s_996\">\n<jats:title id=\"d614445e46559\">Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Primary amenorrhea is a common symptom that affects both the physical and psychosocial status of individuals. Determination of the underlying etiology is the first step in planning treatment. The evaluation of internal genital organ anomalies involved in the etiology is important for sexual function and fertility. MRI is a non-invasive imaging modality that should be preferred in these cases as it provides detailed data about the anatomy and anomalies of internal genital organs due to its high soft tissue contrast resolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T09:03:44Z","timestamp":1564650224000},"page":"995-1003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the abdominopelvic region using MRI in patients with primary amenorrhea"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1729-6958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"G\u00fcndo\u011fdu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5989-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Emekli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6421-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"O\u011fuzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2856-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmut","family":"Kebap\u00e7\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref61","first-page":"10","article-title":"Radiological imaging of disorders of sex development (DSD)","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sudan J Paediatr"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"17","article-title":"Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. 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and a hypoplastic uterus","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90029-6","article-title":"Delayed sexual development: a study of 252 patients","volume":"140","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05669.x","article-title":"Evaluation and management of adolescent amenorrhea","volume":"1205","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130211","article-title":"Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: diagnosis with MR imaging","volume":"269","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0195-9","article-title":"A systematic approach to the magnetic resonance imaging-based 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