{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:03:10Z","timestamp":1790884990300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0243_s_999_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1057614e37197_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b1aAa\">Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences in body composition are appreciated throughout the lifespan with probable contributions from sex steroids: testosterone and estrogen. The purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to determine if sex differences in body composition emerge during the first months of life in healthy infants, corresponding to the age at which male infants produce endogenous testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0243_s_998_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1057614e37205_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b2aAa\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear growth and body composition parameters using air displacement plethysmography were obtained from 602 healthy infants after birth and again at 5 months of age. Rate of change in body composition parameters were compared between sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0243_s_997_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1057614e37213_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b3aAa\">Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences in length, total mass, fat free mass (FFM), and percent fat mass (%FM) were present both at birth and at 5 months (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all), with males having greater total mass and FFM but lower %FM. Gain in %FM over the first 5 months was significantly lower in males (p\u2009=\u20090.0004). This difference was secondary to a gain of 17 g\/week more in FFM in males compared to females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0243_s_996_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title id=\"d1057614e37221_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1aab1c18b4aAa\">Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences in body composition emerge in the first months of life, with lower adiposity accumulation in males. Endogenous testosterone production in males ~1\u20134 months of age may account for findings and may have lifelong implications for sex differences in body composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T08:50:59Z","timestamp":1567587059000},"page":"1235-1239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Sex differences in infant body composition emerge in the first 5 months of life"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanlee M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , Department of Pediatrics , Denver , USA"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , Aurora , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill L.","family":"Kaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , Department of Pediatrics , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandy M.","family":"Ringham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine W.","family":"Hockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , Department of Epidemiology , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H.","family":"Glueck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , Department of Pediatrics , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center , Aurora , CO , USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado , Department of Epidemiology , Aurora , CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101012435890_j_jpem-2019-0243_ref_001_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1b5b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanks LJ, Casazza K, Alvarez JA, Fernandez JR. 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