{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:50:56Z","timestamp":1783183856980,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0315_s_999_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d679415e33469_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b1aAa\">Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Non-adherence to diabetes medication leads to poor outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Multiple factors affecting adherence in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been identified, but pediatric data is sparse. We aimed to determine whether initiation of additional oral medications or insulin affects adherence to primary study medication (PSM) in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0315_s_998_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d679415e33477_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b2aAa\">Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Six hundred and ninety-nine youth (aged 10\u201317 years) with recent-onset T2D were randomized in the TODAY study. Participants were categorized as adherent (\u226580% taken by pill count) or non-adherent (&lt;80%), and adherence was compared between those on additional medications or not. Subgroup analyses to assess influence of race\/ethnicity, gender, medication type, or depression were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0315_s_997_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d679415e33485_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b3aAa\">Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 36 months, 46.3% of participants were taking additional oral medications and 31.9% were on insulin. There was no difference in study medication adherence with additional oral medications (55.1%, 67.1%, and 56.7% at month 36 in those prescribed 0, 1, or 2+\u2009 additional medications; p\u2009=\u20090.16). Girls on oral contraceptives (OC) had higher adherence (65.2% vs. 55.8% at month 36; p\u2009=\u20090.0054). Participants on insulin had lower adherence (39.7% vs. 59.3% at 36 months; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). There was decreased adherence in participants with baseline depression (p\u2009=\u20090.008).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0315_s_996_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title id=\"d679415e33493_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c18b4aAa\">Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Additional oral medications did not influence adherence to diabetes medications in TODAY. Addition of insulin led to reduced adherence. In subgroup analyses, OC use was associated with higher adherence in girls, while baseline depression was associated with lower adherence overall. Further studies examining potentially modifiable risk factors of adherence in pediatric T2D are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T09:03:08Z","timestamp":1575622988000},"page":"191-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adherence to multiple medications in the TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) cohort: effect of additional medications on adherence to primary diabetes medication"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Rachana","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes , Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siripoom V.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine E.","family":"Levitt Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes , Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"El ghormli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Washington University Biostatistics Center , 6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 750 , Rockville, MD 20852 , USA , Office: +301-881-9260, Fax: +301-881-3767"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes , Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri L.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Section , Joslin Diabetes Center , Boston , MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee D.","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity Program , Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101034626840_j_jpem-2019-0315_ref_001_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab1b8b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiktin M, Celik S, Berard L. 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