{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:30:04Z","timestamp":1790829004708,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0506_s_999_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II (APS II) is defined as the combination of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and\/or type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the same patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0506_s_998_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\"><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 15-year-old boy had a history of weight loss, nausea and vomiting, headache, restlessness, and tanned skin. He was diagnosed with Graves\u2019 disease. Two weeks after carbimazol therapy was commenced, he presented with adrenal crises (fever, arterial hypotension, hyponatremia, adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] 1119.6 ng\/mL [normal range &lt;60] and low cortisol). He received hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, and improved quickly. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies as well as 21-hydroxylase antibodies were elevated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2019-0506_s_997_w2aab3b7c49b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the combination of Graves\u2019 and Addison\u2019s disease is extremely rare, especially in children, it is critical to make the diagnosis. Accelerated metabolic rate increased the risk for adrenal crises in our patient. This case contributes to the spectrum of APS II and its manifestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1582966902000},"page":"575-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II with co-manifestation of Addison\u2019s and Graves\u2019 disease in a 15-year-old boy: case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Childrens Hospital Wilhelmstift, Department of Paediatrics, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Childrens Hospital Wilhelmstift, Department of Paediatrics, Hamburg, 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