{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:59:39Z","timestamp":1775743179409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0205_abs_001_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment on anthropometric measurements, mean HbA1c, and insulin dosage in patients diagnosed under 5 years of age and compare with multiple-dose injection therapy (MDI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0205_abs_002_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed &lt;5 years since 2000 and their 19-year follow-up were evaluated retrospectively. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and HbA1c values were recorded for each visit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0205_abs_003_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hundred and five patients (58.1% female, 41.9% male) were included in the study. Sixty-three (60 %) patients were treated by CSII and 42 (40%) by MDI. Mean age at diagnosis was 2.68\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.42 and 3.29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.30 years respectively. Mean follow-up was 7.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.76 and 6.01\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.41 years respectively. For each group, weight standard deviation score (SDS) increased significantly in the first year after the diagnosis (p&lt;0.001), and with the onset of puberty weight SDS decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001). The trend of weight and BMI SDS changes over the years showed similar characteristics in both groups. During follow-up height SDS was similar in both groups except in Tanner stage 5. When puberty was completed, mean height SDS was 0.51\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.03 in CSII and\u00a0\u22120.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.75 in the MDI group (p: 0.029). Mean HbA1c was significantly lower in the CSII group (7.62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.82 and 8.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.22 respectively). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure change trends during the follow-up were also similar in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0205_abs_004_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CSII treatment had positive effects on metabolic control and height SDS in patients with early-onset diabetes without increasing BMI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2020-0205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T10:45:30Z","timestamp":1608633930000},"page":"201-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treatment and long-term follow-up of patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus before age 5"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Aysun","family":"Ata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferda","family":"Evin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafize","family":"I\u015f\u0131klar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nushaba","family":"Abdullayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnay","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samim","family":"\u00d6zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasemin Atik","family":"Alt\u0131nok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u015e\u00fckran","family":"Darcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damla","family":"G\u00f6k\u015fen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040100571188607_j_jpem-2020-0205_ref_001_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kernick, D, Chew-Graham, CA, O\u2019Flynn, N. 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