{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:50:32Z","timestamp":1747198232683,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0526_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study on anthropometric and laboratory characteristics of inhabitants of Rampasasa (Flores, Indonesia). Adults were categorised according to ancestry into three groups: pygmoid (P\/P, offspring of pygmoid parents, n=8), mixed pygmoid (P\/N, offspring of pygmoid and non-pygmoid parents, n=12) and non-pygmoid (N\/N, n=10). Children (n=28) were P\/N.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0526_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Measurements included height, weight, sitting height, arm span, head circumference, haematological analysis and serum albumin, calcium, vitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Pubertal stage and bone age was assessed in children. Anthropometric data were expressed as standard deviation score (SDS) for age. IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-I\/IGFBP-3 ratio were expressed as SDS for age, bone age and pubertal stage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0526_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean height SDS showed a gradient from P\/P (\u22124.0) via P\/N (\u22123.2) to N\/N (\u22122.3) (\u22123.4,\u00a0\u22123.1 and\u00a0\u22122.2 adjusted for age-associated shrinking). Sitting height and head circumference showed similar gradients. Serum IGF-I SDS was similar among groups (approximately\u00a0\u22121 SDS). IGFBP-3 SDS tended toward a gradient from P\/P (\u22121.9) via P\/N (\u22121.5) to N\/N (\u22121.1), but IGF-I\/IGFBP-3 ratio was normal in all groups. In P\/P and P\/N, mean head circumference SDS was &gt;2\u00a0SD greater than mean height SDS. Children showed a progressive growth failure and bone age delay, delayed female pubertal onset and an initial low serum IGF-I, normal IGFBP-3 and low IGF-I\/IGFBP-3 ratio.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2020-0526_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>P\/P showed proportionate short stature with relative macrocephaly and relatively low IGFBP-3; P\/N presented an intermediate pattern. P\/N children were progressively short, showed delayed skeletal maturation, delayed puberty in girls and low IGF-I and IGF-I\/IGFBP-3.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2020-0526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T20:04:08Z","timestamp":1618344248000},"page":"547-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal profiles of the partially admixed pygmoid group in Rampasasa (Flores, Indonesia)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4895-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aman","family":"Pulungan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health , Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attika A.","family":"Andarie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4319-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frida","family":"Soesanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health , Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ramdhani","family":"Yassien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health , Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiaan","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Wijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3236-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agus","family":"Firmansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health , Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital , Jakarta , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1715-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan M.","family":"Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_001","unstructured":"Cavalli Sforza, LL. African pygmies. Orlando: Academic Press; 1986."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliano, AB, Vinicius, L, Lahr, MM. Life history trade-offs explain the evolution of human pygmies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:20216\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0708024105.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708024105"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_003","unstructured":"Cavalli-Sforza, LL, Menozzi, P, Piazza, A. The history and geography of human genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1994."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarvis, JP, Scheinfeldt, LB, Soi, S, Lambert, C, Omberg, L, Ferwerda, B, et al.. Patterns of ancestry, signatures of natural selection, and genetic association with stature in Western African pygmies. PLoS Genet 2012;8:e1002641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002641.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002641"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tommaseo-Ponzetta, M, Mona, S, Calabrese, F, Konrad, G, Vacca, E, Attimonelli, M. Mountain pygmies of Western New Guinea: a morphological and molecular approach. Hum Biol 2013;85:285\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3378\/027.085.0314.","DOI":"10.3378\/027.085.0314"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozzi, FV, Koudou, Y, Froment, A, Le Bouc, Y, Botton, J. Growth pattern from birth to adulthood in African pygmies of known age. Nat Commun 2015;6:7672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8672.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8672"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jinam, TA, Phipps, ME, Saitou, N. Admixture patterns and genetic differentiation in negrito groups from West Malaysia estimated from genome-wide SNP data. Hum Biol 2013;85:173\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3378\/027.085.0308.","DOI":"10.3378\/027.085.0308"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliano, AB, Romero, IG, Metspalu, M, Leavesley, M, Pagani, L, Antao, T, et al.. Evolution of the pygmy phenotype: evidence of positive selection from genome-wide scans in African, Asian, and Melanesian pygmies. Hum Biol 2013;85:251\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3378\/027.085.0313.","DOI":"10.3378\/027.085.0313"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, GH, Foll, M, Grenier, JC, Patin, E, Nedelec, Y, Pacis, A, et al.. Adaptive, convergent origins of the pygmy phenotype in African rainforest hunter-gatherers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:E3596\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1402875111.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402875111"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sjostrand, AE, Sjodin, P, Jakobsson, M. Private haplotypes can reveal local adaptation. BMC Genet 2014;15:61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2156-15-61.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-15-61"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, GH, Dominy, NJ. Evolution of the human pygmy phenotype. Trends Ecol Evol 2009;24:218\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2008.11.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.11.008"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, NS, Verdu, P, Georges, M, Duquesnoy, P, Froment, A, Amselem, S, et al.. The role of GHR and IGF1 genes in the genetic determination of African pygmies\u2019 short stature. Eur J Hum Genet 2013;21:653\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejhg.2012.223.","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.223"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Bouc, Y. Have we finally solved the enigma of the small size of Pygmies? Ann Endocrinol 2017;78:83\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ando.2017.04.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2017.04.022"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheffler, C, Hermanussen, M, Bogin, B, Liana, DS, Taolin, F, Cempaka, P, et al.. Stunting is not a synonym of malnutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020;74:377\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-019-0439-4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0439-4"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_015","unstructured":"Meazza, C, Pagani, S, Bozzola, M. The pygmy short stature enigma. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2011;8:394\u20139."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rimoin, DL, Merimee, TJ, Rabinowitz, D, Cavalli-Sforza, LL, McKusick, VA. Peripheral subresponsiveness to human growth hormone in the African pygmies. N Engl J Med 1969;281:1383\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm196912182812502.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196912182812502"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merimee, TJ, Rimoin, DL, Cavalli-Sforza, LL. Metabolic studies in the African pygmy. J Clin Invest 1972;51:395\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci106825.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106825"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merimee, TJ, Zapf, J, Froesch, ER. Dwarfism in the pygmy. An isolated deficiency of insulin-like growth factor I. N Engl J Med 1981;305:965\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198110223051701.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198110223051701"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merimee, TJ, Zapf, J, Hewlett, B, Cavalli Sforza, LL. Insulin-like growth factors in pygmies. The role of puberty in determining final stature. N Engl J Med 1987;316:906\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198704093161503.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198704093161503"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumann, G, Shaw, MA, Merimee, TJ. Low levels of high-affinity growth hormone-binding protein in African pygmies. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1705\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198906293202601.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906293202601"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozzola, M, Travaglino, P, Marziliano, N, Meazza, C, Pagani, S, Grasso, M, et al.. The shortness of Pygmies is associated with severe under-expression of the growth hormone receptor. Mol Genet Metabol 2009;98:310\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2009.05.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2009.05.009"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clavano-Harding, AB, Ambler, GR, Cowell, CT, Garnett, SP, Al-Toumah, B, Coakley, JC, et al.. Initial characterization of the GH-IGF axis and nutritional status of the Ati Negritos of the Philippines. Clin Endocrinol 1999;51:741\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00877.x.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00877.x"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davila, N, Shea, BT, Omoto, K, Mercado, M, Misawa, S, Baumann, G. Growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I and short stature in two pygmy populations from the Philippines. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002;15:269\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem.2002.15.3.269.","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2002.15.3.269"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_024","unstructured":"Ishida, T, Suzuki, J, Duangchan, P, Settheetham-Ishida, W. Preliminary report on the short stature of Southeast Asian forest dwellers, the Manni, in southern Thailand: lack of an adolescent spurt in plasma IGF-I concentration. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Publ Health 1998;29:62\u20135."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, J, Brumbaugh, RC, Chiu, M. Short stature, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and serum proteins in the Mountain Ok people of Papua New Guinea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:901\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-65-5-901.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-5-901"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_026","unstructured":"Dulloo, AG, Shahkhalili, Y, Atchou, G, Mensi, N, Jacquet, J, Girardier, L. Dissociation of systemic GH-IGF-I axis from a genetic basis for short stature in African Pygmies. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:371\u201380."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, P, Sutikna, T, Morwood, MJ, Soejono, RP, Jatmiko, Saptomo, EW, et al.. A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 2004;431:1055\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02999.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02999"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, T, Indriati, E, Soejono, RP, Hsu, K, Frayer, DW, Eckhardt, RB, et al.. Pygmoid Australomelanesian Homo sapiens skeletal remains from Liang Bua, Flores: population affinities and pathological abnormalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:13421\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0605563103.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605563103"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tucci, S, Vohr, SH, McCoy, RC, Vernot, B, Robinson, MR, Barbieri, C, et al.. Evolutionary history and adaptation of a human pygmy population of Flores Island, Indonesia. Science 2018;361:511\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aar8486.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar8486"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_030","unstructured":"Kuczmarski, RJ, Ogden, CL, Grummer-Strawn, LM, Flegal, KM, Guo, SS, Wei, R, et al.. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data 2000;314:1\u201327."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_031","unstructured":"Pulungan, AB, Julia, M, Batubara, JRL, Hermanussen, M. Indonesian national synthetic growth charts. Acta Sci Paediatr 2018;1:20\u201334."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bundak, R, Bas, F, Furman, A, Gunoz, H, Darendeliler, F, Saka, N, et al.. Sitting height and sitting height\/height ratio references for Turkish children. Eur J Pediatr 2014;173:861\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-013-2212-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-2212-3"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerver, WJM, Gkourogianni, A, Dauber, A, Nilsson, O, Wit, JM. Arm span and its relation to height in a 2- to 17-year-old reference population and heterozygous carriers of ACAN variants. Horm Res Paediatr 2020;93:164\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000508500.","DOI":"10.1159\/000508500"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quanjer, PH, Capderou, A, Mazicioglu, MM, Aggarwal, AN, Banik, SD, Popovic, S, et al.. All-age relationship between arm span and height in different ethnic groups. Eur Respir J 2014;44:905\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00054014.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00054014"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nellhaus, G. Head circumference from birth to eighteen years. Pediatrics 1968;41:106\u201314.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.1.106"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greulich, WW, Pyle, SJ. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist, 2nd ed. California: Stanford University Press; 1959.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195909000-00030"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, H, Xu, Y, Gong, F, Shan, G, Yang, H, Xu, K, et al.. Reference ranges for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in healthy Chinese adults. PLoS One 2017;12:e0185561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185561.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185561"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elmlinger, MW, Kuhnel, W, Weber, MM, Ranke, MB. Reference ranges for two automated chemiluminescent assays for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42:654\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm.2004.112.","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.112"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niewenweg, R, Smit, ML, Walenkamp, MJ, Wit, JM. Adult height corrected for shrinking and secular trend. Ann Hum Biol 2003;30:563\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0301446032000112661.","DOI":"10.1080\/0301446032000112661"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pulungan, AB, Nugraheni, RP, Advani, N, Akib, AAP, Devaera, Y, Sjakti, HA, et al.. Age at menarche and body fat in adolescent girls. Paediatr Indones 2020;60:269\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14238\/pi60.5.2020.269-76.","DOI":"10.14238\/pi60.5.2020.269-76"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredriks, AM, Van Buuren, S, van Heel, WJ, Dijkman-Neerincx, RH, Verloove-Vanhorick, SP, Wit, JM. Nationwide age references for sitting height, leg length, and sitting height\/height ratio, and their diagnostic value for disproportionate growth disorders. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:807\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2004.050799.","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.050799"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meazza, C, Travaglino, P, Pagani, S, Laarej, K, Duse, M, Bozzola, M. Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia in Babinga Pygmies is present from infancy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009;22:1117\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/039463200902200428.","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200902200428"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagino, I, Hayashi, K, Kawamura, K, Sato, H, Yamauchi, T. Adolescent growth spurt and growth pattern factors related to the short stature of Pygmy hunter-gatherers of Southeast Cameroon. Ann Hum Biol 2013;40:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03014460.2012.720711.","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2012.720711"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Gool, SA, Kamp, GA, Visser-van Balen, H, Mul, D, Waelkens, JJ, Jansen, M, et al.. Final height outcome after three years of growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in short adolescents with relatively early puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1402\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-2272.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2272"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, NS, Verdu, P, Froment, A, Le Bomin, S, Pagezy, H, Bahuchet, S, et al.. Indirect evidence for the genetic determination of short stature in African Pygmies. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011;145:390\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.21512.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21512"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardouin, S, Gourmelen, M, Noguiez, P, Seurin, D, Roghani, M, Le Bouc, Y, et al.. Molecular forms of serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins in man: relationships with growth hormone and IGFs and physiological significance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;69:1291\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-69-6-1291.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-6-1291"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincent, M, Jans, C, Ghesquiere, J. The new-born pigmy and his mother. Am J Phys Anthropol 1962;20:237\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330200308.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330200308"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, RC. The comparative growth of Efe pygmies and African farmers from birth to age 5 years. Ann Hum Biol 1991;18:113\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03014469100001452.","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469100001452"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_049","unstructured":"Van de Koppel, JM, Hewlett, BS. Growth of Aka pygmies and Bangandus of the Central African Republic. In: Cavalli-Sforza, LL, editor. African pygmies. Orlando: Academic Press; 1986:95\u2013102 pp."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachance, J, Vernot, B, Elbers, CC, Ferwerda, B, Froment, A, Bodo, JM, et al.. Evolutionary history and adaptation from high-coverage whole-genome sequences of diverse African hunter-gatherers. Cell 2012;150:457\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.009"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, P, Woerner, AE, Wall, JD, Lachance, J, Tishkoff, SA, Gutenkunst, RN, et al.. Model-based analyses of whole-genome data reveal a complex evolutionary history involving archaic introgression in Central African Pygmies. Genome Res 2016;26:291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.196634.115.","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.196634.115"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consortium HP-AS, Abdulla, MA, Ahmed, I, Assawamakin, A, Bhak, J, Brahmachari, SK, et al.. Mapping human genetic diversity in Asia. Science 2009;326:1541\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1177074.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177074"},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_053","unstructured":"Poh, BK, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Nguyen, BK, Sandjaja, Ruzita, AT, Yamborisut, U, et al.. 25-hydroxy-vitamin D demography and the risk of vitamin D insufficiency in the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016;25:538\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6133\/apjcn.092015.02."},{"key":"2023040101405218455_j_jpem-2020-0526_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verdu, P, Becker, NS, Froment, A, Georges, M, Grugni, V, Quintana-Murci, L, et al.. Sociocultural behavior, sex-biased admixture, and effective population sizes in Central African Pygmies and non-Pygmies. Mol Biol Evol 2013;30:918\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/mss328.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss328"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2020-0526\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2020-0526\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T21:27:38Z","timestamp":1680384458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2020-0526\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2020-0526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2020-0526","relation":{},"ISSN":["0334-018X","2191-0251"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0334-018X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2191-0251"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]}}}