{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:50:42Z","timestamp":1747198242859,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0240_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimullerian hormone (AMH) causes regression of the mullerian ducts in the male fetus. The appendix testis (AT) is a vestigial remnant of mullerian duct origin, containing both androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors. The role of both AMH and AT in testicular descent is yet to be studied. We investigated the possible association of AMH with AT size, the AR and ER, and their expression in the AT, in congenital cryptorchidism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0240_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 26 patients with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism and 26 controls with orthotopic testes were investigated, and 21 ATs were identified in each group. AMH and insulin-like three hormone (INSL3) concentrations were measured with spectrophotometry. AR and ER receptor expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies R441 for AR and MAB463 for ER. For the estimation of receptor expression, the Allred Score method was used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0240_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AMH concentrations did not present significant differences between patients with congenital cryptorchidism and the controls. Also, no correlation was found between AMH, INSL3, and AT length. Allred scores did not present significant differences. However, expression percentiles and intensity for both receptors presented significant differences. Three children with cryptorchidism and the highest AMH levels also had the highest estrogen receptor scores in the AT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0240_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No association was found between AMH and the studied major parameters. However, higher AMH concentrations, in combination with higher estrogen receptor scores in the AT, may play a role in cryptorchidism in some children. Larger population samples are needed to verify this observation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T22:13:07Z","timestamp":1626387187000},"page":"1247-1255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of antimullerian hormone with the size of the appendix testis, the androgen and estrogen receptors and their expression in the appendix testis, in congenital cryptorchidism"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0878-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xenophon","family":"Sinopidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , University of Patras School of Medicine , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Kostopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics , University of Patras School of Medicine , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Paola","family":"Rojas-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing , University of Peloponnese , Tripoli , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Panagidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , Children's Hospital , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Kourea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , University of Patras School of Medicine , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Skiadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics , University of Patras School of Medicine , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery , Children's Hospital , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bessie E.","family":"Spiliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics , University of Patras School of Medicine , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matuszczak, E, Hermanowicz, A, Komarowska, M, Debek, W. Serum AMH in physiology and pathology of male gonads. Internet J Endocrinol 2013;2013:128907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/128907.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/128907"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_002","unstructured":"Weintraub, A, Eldar-Geva, T. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) determinations in the pediatric and adolescent endocrine practice. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2017;14:364\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17458\/per.vol14.2017.WG.Mullerian."},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sansone, A, Kliesch, S, Isidori, AM, Schlatt, S. AMH and INSL3 in testicular and extragonadal pathophysiology: what do we know? Andrology 2019;7:131\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12597.","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12597"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Brakel, J, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, SMPF, Hazebroek, FWJ, Dohle, GR, de Jong, FH. INSL3 and AMH in patients with previously congenital or acquired undescended testes. J Pediatr Surg 2017;52:1327\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.064.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.064"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matuszczak, E, Hermanowicz, A, Debek, W, Oksiuta, M, Dzienis-Koronkiewicz, E, Zelazowska-Rutkowska, B. Serum AMH concentration as a marker evaluating gonadal function in boys operated on for unilateral cryptorchidism between 1st and 4th year of life. Endocrine 2012;41:334\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-011-9551-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9551-5"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinopidis, X, Mourelatou, R, Kostopoulou, E, Karvela, A, Rojas-Gil, AP, Tsekoura, E, et al.. Novel combined insulin-like 3 variations of a single nucleotide in cryptorchidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019;32:987\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2018-0547.","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0547"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, JM, Lopez-Marambio, FA. The possible role of AMH in shortening the gubernacular cord in testicular descent: a reappraisal of the evidence. J Pediatr Surg 2017;52:1656\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.05.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.05.021"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samnakay, N, Cohen, RJ, Orford, J, King, PA, Davies, RJ. Androgen and estrogen receptor status of the human appendix testis. Pediatr Surg Int 2003;19:520\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-002-0936-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0936-7"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Favorito, LA, Cavalcante, AG, Babinski, MA. Study on the incidence of testicular and epididymal appendages in patients with cryptorchidism. Int Braz J Urol 2004;30:49\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1677-55382004000100011.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382004000100011"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinopidis, X, Panagidis, A, Kourea, E, Kostopoulou, E, Rojas-Gil, AP, Skiadopoulos, S, et al.. New insights into the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors of the appendix testis in congenital cryptorchidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020;33:503\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2019-0392.","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0392"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jozsa, T, Csizy, I, Kutasy, B, Czernik, T, Flasko, T. Decreased incidence of appendix testis in cryptorchidism with intraoperative survey. Urol Int 2008;80:317\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000127349.","DOI":"10.1159\/000127349"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jozsa, T, Dienes, B, Telek, A, Hargitay, Z, Por, A, Kiss, C. Different expression of androgen and estrogen receptor of appendix testis in patients with descended and undescended testes. Int J Urol 2008;15:171\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01933.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01933.x"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tostes, GD, Costa, SF, de Carvalho, J, Costa, WC, Sampaio, FJ, Favorito, LA. Structural analysis of testicular appendices in patients with cryptorchidism. Int J Urol 2013;39:240\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2013.02.13.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-5538.IBJU.2013.02.13"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zvizdic, Z, Zivkovic, D, Sabanovic, J, Milisic, E. The role of the appendix testis in normal testicular descent: is there a connection? BioMed Res Int 2018;23:3078031.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3078031"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panagidis, A, Kostopoulou, E, Rojas-Gil, AP, Sinopidis, X, Kourea, H, Skiadopoulos, S, et al.. Correlation between insulin-like peptide 3 and appendix testis length in congenital cryptorchidism. J Paediatr Child Health 2020;56:1283\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.14924.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14924"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinspon, RP, Gottlieb, S, Bedecarras, P, Rey, RA. Anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone and testicular function in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism. Front Endocrinol 2018;9:182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00182.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00182"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komarowska, MD, Milewski, R, Charkiewicz, R, Matuszczak, E, Sulewska, A, Zelazowska-Rutkowska, B, et al.. Are anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone and its receptor polymorphism associated with the hormonal condition of undescended testes? Adv Med Sci 2016;61:288\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advms.2016.03.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2016.03.004"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zvizdic, Z, Islamovic, B, Milisic, E, Jonuzi, A, Vranic, S. Changing trends in the referral and timing of treatment for congenital cryptorchidism: a single-center experience from Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Pediatr Surg 2020;55:1965\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.08.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.08.013"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergada, I, Milani, C, Bedecarras, P, Andreone, L, Ropelato, GM, Gottlieb, S, et al.. Time course of the serum gonadotropin surge, inhibins, and antim\u00fcllerian hormone in normal newborn males during the first month of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4096\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1079.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1079"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortes, D, Clasen-Linde, E, Hutson, JM, Li, R, Thorup, J. The Sertoli cell hormones inhibin-B and anti M\u00fcllerian hormone have different patterns of secretion in prepubertal cryptorchid boys. J Pediatr Surg 2016;51:475\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.08.059.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.08.059"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komarowska, MD, Hermanowicz, A, Matuszczak, E, Oksiuta, M, Dzienis-Koronkiewicz, Zelazowska-Rutkowska, B, et al.. Antim\u00fcllerian hormone levels in serum 1 year after unilateral orchiopexy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2012;25:1073\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2012-0210.","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2012-0210"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demircan, M, Akinci, A, Mutus, M. The effects of orchiopexy on serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels in unilateral cryptorchid infants. Pediatr Surg Int 2006;22:271\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-006-1646-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-006-1646-3"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierik, FH, Deddens, JA, Burdorf, A, de Muink Keizer-Schrama, SM, Jong, FH, Weber, RF. The hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in boys during the first six months of life: a comparison of cryptorchidism and hypospadias cases with controls. Int J Androl 2009;32:453\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00877.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00877.x"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharpe, RM, McKinnell, C, Kivlin, C, Fisher, JS. Proliferation and functional maturation of Sertoli cells, and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood. Reproduction 2003;125:769\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep.0.1250769.","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1250769"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Condorelli, RA, Cannarella, R, Calogero, AE, La Vignera, S. Evaluation of testicular function in prepubertal children. Endocrine 2018;62:274\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-018-1670-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1670-9"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nistal, M, Gonzalez-Peramato, P, De Miguel, MP. Sertoli cell dedifferentiation in human cryptorchidism and gender reassignment shows similarities between fetal environmental and adult medical treatment estrogen and antiandrogen exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2013;42:172\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.08.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.08.009"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u00fcttelmann, F, Dykstra, N, Themmen, AP, Visser, JA, Nieschlag, E, Simoni, M. Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in men with normal and reduced sperm concentration and men with maldescended testes. Fertil Steril 2009;91:1812\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.118.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.118"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drabik, G, Jozsa, T, Ruzsnavszky, O, Kistamas, K, Dienes, B, Kovacs, I, et al.. Correlation between the androgen receptor status of the appendix testis and the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in undescended testis. Int Urol Nephrol 2015;47:1235\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-015-1037-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-015-1037-6"},{"key":"2023040101125230094_j_jpem-2021-0240_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sansone, A, Isidori, AM, Kliesch, S, Schlatt, S. Immunohistochemical characterization of the anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone receptor type 2 (AMHR-2) in human testis. Endocrine 2020;68:215\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-020-02210-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02210-x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2021-0240\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2021-0240\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T19:02:19Z","timestamp":1680375739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jpem-2021-0240\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jpem-2021-0240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2021-0240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0334-018X","2191-0251"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0334-018X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2191-0251"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]}}}