{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:36:06Z","timestamp":1785353766398,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011680","name":"King Fahad Medical City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRF 019-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRF 019-024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0291_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the incidence of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) among male children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in tertiary care centers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0291_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All male children aged 1\u201314 years diagnosed with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21 HOD), 11\u03b2-hydroxylase deficiency, and 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, confirmed by biochemical and\/or genetic testing, underwent scrotal ultrasound examination to identify TARTs. After receiving the diagnosed patients\u2019 data, patients\u2019 electronic medical records were accessed to collect demographic data and scrotal ultrasound results, along with growth parameters and specific biochemical test results within 2\u00a0months of the ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0291_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TARTs were observed in 5 (10.9%) of 46 male children with CAH. Four patients with positive findings had 21 HOD classical CAH with salt loss and one had 21 HOD simple virilizing classical CAH. All patients had poor compliance and stage 2 bilateral TARTs. Three TART-positive patients (60.0%) had high ACTH levels, 5 patients (100%) had elevated 17-OHP levels, and 5 patients (100%) had advanced bone age. The youngest patient with positive findings was 4\u00a0years old.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jpem-2021-0291_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of TARTs increases with age and can be present in young males with classical CAH with 21 HOD. It is associated with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and advanced bone age SDS. TARTs are less likely to be associated with nonclassical CAH with 21 HOD or other less common CAHs due to 11\u03b2-hydroxylase deficiencies and 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiencies in children. Our study recommends early and routine screening of TARTs in children with CAH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T02:19:56Z","timestamp":1636597196000},"page":"49-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Screening for testicular adrenal rest tumors among children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0497-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Ayed","family":"Huneif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinologist at at Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University Hospital, Najran University , Najran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4114-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majed","family":"Al Mutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiologist at the Pediatric Radiology Department , Children\u2019s Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyad Hamad","family":"AlHazmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinologist at Al Yamammah Hospital , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6709-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Khalid","family":"AlOsaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Ultrasound Sonographer in the Pediatric Radiology Department , Children\u2019s Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas M.","family":"AlShoomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinologist in the Pediatric Endocrine Department , Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9494-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"AlGhofely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinologist in the Pediatric Endocrine Department , Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulhameed","family":"AlSaheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinologist in the Pediatric Endocrine Department , Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040100325807417_j_jpem-2021-0291_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozisik, H, Yurekli, BS, Simsir, IY, Altun, I, Soyaltin, U, Guler, E, et al.. 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