{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:25:22Z","timestamp":1767835522460,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Describe clinical characteristics, course, and risk factors for hyper-insulinemic hypoglycemia (HIH) in preterm infants and identify impediments to early diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Electronic records of infant\u2013mother dyads were used to describe clinical characteristics, lab parameters, and course of HIH.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n All eight patients (gestational ages 26w0d\u201329w3d) had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental insufficiency, (4\/8) were small for gestational age. All maintained normal glucose levels with glucose infusion during the first 48\u00a0h six of eight patients had cholestasis despite being on parenteral nutrition for short time (average 17\u00a0days). Four of eight patients were treated with diazoxide (average 22\u00a0days). Four of eight patients who recovered spontaneously (average 49\u00a0days after diagnosis) responded to continuous feeds and hydrocortisone for other clinical indications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In IUGR preterms, HIH is asymptomatic, may be prolonged, requiring diazoxide treatment. Transient cholestasis is seen in majority of patients. Euglycemia should be demonstrated on bolus gavage feeds, off glucocorticoids before discontinuing blood glucose monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T14:16:37Z","timestamp":1639145797000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in growth restricted convalescent preterm neonates: clinical characteristics and impediments to early diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"0","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas, School of Medicine , Kansas City , KS , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology , Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital , Kansas City , MO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gene","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaitali","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas, School of Medicine , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology , Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital , Kansas City , MO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Nyp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas, School of Medicine , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology , Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital , Kansas City , MO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas, School of Medicine , Kansas City , KS , USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology , Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital , Kansas City , MO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121014162818852_j_jpem-2021-0515_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoe, FM, Thornton, PS, Wanner, LA, Steinkrauss, L, Simmons, RA, Stanley, CA. Clinical features and insulin regulation in infants with a syndrome of prolonged neonatal hyperinsulinism. J Pediatr 2006;148:207\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.002"},{"key":"2021121014162818852_j_jpem-2021-0515_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fafoula, O, Alkhayyat, H, Hussain, K. Prolonged hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006;91:F467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2006.095919.","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.095919"},{"key":"2021121014162818852_j_jpem-2021-0515_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arya, VB, Flanagan, SE, Kumaran, A, Shield, JP, Ellard, S, Hussain, K, et al.. Clinical and molecular characterisation of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infants born small-for-gestational age. 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